Trial on Safety & Performance of TAXUS Element vs. XIENCE Prime Stent in Treatment of Coronary Lesion in Diabetics

Primary Endpoint:

Composite safety endpoint of Target Vessel Failure (TVF) rate at 12 months post-index procedure:

• Cardiac Death related to target vessel
• Target Vessel Myocardial Infarction (TV-MI)
• Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR)

Secondary Endpoint:

Clinical endpoints measured at 30, 180 days, and 1 and 2 years post index procedure:

• TVF rate (primary endpoint 1 year)
• Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR) rate
• Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR)
• Composite of cardiac death or target vessel MI
• Composite of all deaths, all MI, all revascularizations
• Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) which is the composite endpoint of cardiac death, all myocardial infarction, and TLR
• MI (Q-wave and non-Q-wave) rate
• Cardiac death rate
• Non-cardiac death rate
• All death rate
• Cardiac death or MI rate
• All death or MI rate
• Stent thrombosis rate (definite or probable by Academic Research Consortium [ARC] definitions)

Periprocedural endpoints:

• Technical success rate
• Clinical procedural success rate

Anti-platelet Therapy

A loading dose of either Clopidogrel (300mg, 600mg recommended), Ticlopidine (500mg), or Prasugrel (60mg) must be given to the patient prior to index procedure. Thereafter, Clopidogrel (75mg daily), Ticlopidine (250mg twice daily), Prasugrel (10mg) must be given for at least 12 months after stent implantation. If the protocol mandated (loading and or daily) dosage conflicts with local DFU, the local DFU should take precedence. Aspirin (ASA): Must be administered concomitantly with Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine or Prasugrel and then continued indefinitely

Sample Size Parameters:

The expected 12 month TVF rate for both groups is estimated to be 8.4% based on the data available from the SPIRIT IV trial. Given the non-inferiority margin (delta) of 4% with equal expected means and a one-sided 5% significance level, 824 patients in each group will provide at least 90% power to reject the null hypothesis if it is false. When allowance is made for 10% attrition, approximately 915 patients are required per each treatment group. Therefore, the necessary total sample size for the trial is 1,830 patients.

Inclusion criteria

CI1. Patient must have a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2) defined according to the American Diabetes Association as history of one of the followings :

• Two hour plasma glucose >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) following a 75g oral glucose tolerance test
• Random plasma glucose >200 mg/dL 3. A fasting plasma glucose level >126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)

• Elevated HbA1c level 6.5 And currently undergoing pharmacological treatment 5.Patients admitted with ACS NSTEMI and HbA1c > 7 can be included even if they were not on pharmacological treatment. CI2. Patient (or legal guardian) understands the trial requirements and the treatment procedures and provides written informed consent before any trial-specific tests or procedures are performed CI3. Patient is eligible for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) CI4. Patient has symptomatic coronary artery disease or documented silent ischemia. CI5. Patient is willing to comply with all protocol-required follow-up evaluations.

Angiographic Inclusion Criteria (visual estimate)

AI1. Target lesion must be a de novo lesion located in a native coronary artery with a visually estimated reference vessel diameter (RVD) 2.25 mm and 4.0 mm. Treatment of up to 3 de novo target lesions is allowed with a maximum of two denovo target lesions per epicardial vessel.

AI2. Target lesion length must measure 34 mm (by visual estimate) AI3. Target lesion must be in a major coronary artery or branch with visually estimated stenosis 50% and <100% with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 1. AI4. If more than one target lesion will be treated, the RVD and lesion length of each must meet the above criteria. AI5. Non-study percutaneous intervention for lesions in a target vessel (including side branches) is allowed if performed 9 months prior to the index procedure. AI6. Non study percutaneous interventions for lesions in a non target vessel are allowed in the following circumstances:

• Unsuccessful, or complicated bare metal stent, balloon dilatation, cutting balloon, atherectomy, thrombectomy, and laser treatments are allowed if performed 30 days prior to the index procedure.
• Drug-eluting stent treatment is permitted if performed 90 days prior to index procedure. AI7. Non study, percutaneous interventions for lesion(s) in a target vessel (including side branches) or non-target vessel are allowed if performed 9 months after the index procedure.

Exclusion criteria

CE1. Patient has known allergy to the study stent system or protocol-required concomitant medications (e.g., stainless steel, platinum, chromium, nickel, iron, thienopyridines, aspirin, radiographic contrast medium) that cannot be adequately pre-medicated. CE2. Patient has any other serious medical illness (e.g., cancer, congestive heart failure) that may reduce life expectancy to less than 12 months CE3. Acute or chronic renal dysfunction (creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl or 177 μmol/l) CE4. Currently participating in another investigational drug or device study

Angiographic Exclusion Criteria (visual estimate)

AE1. Target lesion meets any of the following criteria:

• Left main location including left main ostial location
• Located within 2 mm of the origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery or left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery by visual estimate
• Located within a saphenous vein graft or an arterial graft or distal to a diseased arterial or saphenous vein graft. Diseased graft defined as irregularity per angiogram and any visually estimated diameter stenosis > 20%.
• Involves a bifurcation in which the side branch 2.0 mm in diameter AND the ostium of the side branch is > 50% stenosed by visual estimate.
• Involves a side branch requiring pre-dilatation
• TIMI flow 0 (total occlusion) prior to guide wire crossing
• Excessive tortuosity proximal to or within the lesion
• Extreme angulation ( ≥90°) proximal to or within the lesion
• Target lesion and/or target vessel proximal to the target lesion is moderately to severely calcified by visual estimate
• Restenotic from previous intervention
• Thrombus, or possible thrombus, present in the target vessel AE2. Patient has an additional clinically significant lesion(s) in the target vessel for which an intervention within 9 months after the index procedure may be required