Treatment for Affect Dimensions

Reported positive affect. Scores can range from 10-50, with higher scores representing higher levels of positive affect.

Interviewer ratings of interest, pleasure, and motivation in hobbies/pastimes, foods/drinks, social activities (score range: 1-12), higher scores indicate lower anhedonia.

Reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (score range: 0-63), higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and frequency.

Reported impairment due to symptoms (score range: 0-30) with higher scores indicating greater impairment. Includes reported number of days of missed school/work and number of days of reduced productivity. Statistical analyses have not yet been conducted for this outcome measure.

Reported suicidal ideation (item 9 on the BDI), scores range from 0-3 with higher scores indicating a higher degree of suicidal ideation. Statistical analyses have not yet been conducted for this outcome measure.

We intended to collect data on energy expenditure over four 7-day periods (at week 0, week 5, week 10, and week 16) using a wrist-worn Actigraph tri-axial accelerometer. However, the use of Actigraph monitors was terminated early in the study due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) is a computer-based multi-trial task used to objectively assess decision-making and willingness to expend effort for reward. The dependent variable is the ratio of hard (high-effort) choices to the total number of trials. Results range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a higher proportion of hard (high-effort) choices. Results show the mean proportion of high-effort choices.

Heart rate acceleration during the Monetary Incentive Task (MIT) was used to measure cardiac responding to the prospect of a monetary reward. The dependent variable is the interbeat interval acceleration during the task (score range in our sample: -0.16 to 0.17). Higher values indicate greater cardiac responding to the prospect of monetary reward.

Mediator: Reported reward sensitivity (score range: 4-16), with higher scores indicating higher sensitivity

Mediator: Reported reward desire, motivation, and effort (score range: 0-76) with higher scores indicating higher degree of reward desire, motivation, and effort.

Mediator: Reported reward-related pleasure (score range: 0-28), with higher scores indicating higher degree of pleasure.

The Modified Attentional Dot Probe Task is a computer-based multi-trial task used to objectively assess attentional bias toward positively- and negatively-valenced stimuli. The dependent variable is the reaction time index for disengagement bias from sad faces. This is calculated as follows: (Cue appears proximal to emotional face in the pair of emotional face and random blur image: reaction time for target distal to emotional face minus reaction time for target proximal to emotional face) minus (Cue proximal to neutral face in pair of neutral face and random blur image: reaction time for target distal to neutral face minus reaction time for target proximal to neutral face). The range of values in our sample was: -309.28 to 283.45.

The Modified Attentional Dot Probe Task is a computer-based multi-trial task used to objectively assess attentional bias toward positively- and negatively-valenced stimuli. The dependent variable is the reaction time index for engagement bias from happy faces. This is calculated as follows: (Cue probe distal to negative image in negative/abstract image pair: RT for target probe distal to negative image minus RT for target probe proximal to negative image) minus (Cue probe distal to neutral image in neutral/abstract image pair: RT for target probe distal to neutral image minus RT for target probe proximal to neutral image). The range of data in our sample was: -237.82 to to 343.93. Statistical analyses have not yet been conducted for this outcome measure.

Heart rate acceleration during presentation of images from the International Affective Picture Systems (IAPS) was used to assess cardiac responding to positive images. The dependent variable is heart rate acceleration during the 6 seconds of positive image presentation relative to the last 2 seconds before picture onset. Higher values indicate greater cardiac responding to positive images. The range of values in our sample was: -0.12 to 0.09.

Mediator: Reported reward consummatory pleasure (score range: 8-48), with higher scores indicating higher reported reward consummatory pleasure

The Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) is a computer-based multi-trial task used to objectively assess the propensity to modulate behavior as a function of prior reinforcements. The dependent variable is response bias (measured as accuracy) toward the more frequently rewarded stimulus. A high response bias emerges when subjects show high rates of correct identification (hits) for the rich stimulus and high miss rates for the lean stimulus (i.e., the stimulus associated with less frequent rewards). Higher values indicate a greater propensity to modulate behavior as a function of prior reinforcements. The range of values in our sample was: -0.58 to 0.78.

The Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task assesses the extent to which a conditional stimulus paired with reward influences instrumental responding to gain rewards. The dependent variable was handgrip force exerted in response to stimuli during a test phase following Pavlovian conditioning. Higher values indicate greater instrumental responding to gain rewards as a function of Pavlovian conditioning to a conditional stimulus paired with reward. The range of values in our sample was: -18.76 to 61.30.

Within the Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer Task (PIT), participants rate the pleasantness (0-4) for three conditional stimuli to indicate the perceived value of reward associated with each one. The dependent variable is the self-reported pleasantness for rewarded stimuli compared to nonrewarded stimuli. This is calculated by first taking the average of participants' pleasantness ratings for the three CS+s and CS-s, and then subtracting the average CS- ratings from the average CS+ ratings. Higher values indicate greater responding to Pavlovian conditioning during the task.