Treating Pregnancy Related Insomnia With Music

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Scoring from 0-21 with higher numbers meaning more severe sleep problems. Cut-off score at 5.

Insomnia Severity Index. A 5-point Likert scale is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28. The total score is interpreted as follows: absence of insomnia (0-7); sub-threshold insomnia (8-14); moderate insomnia (15-21); and severe insomnia (22-28).

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Maximum score of 30, and minimum of 0. The higher the score, the more severe the symptoms. A Danish cut-off score at 11 is used.

Perceived Stress Scale. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress. Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress. Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.

The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) contains 16 items with eight symptoms of cognitive (e.g., intrusive thoughts) and eight symptoms of somatic (e.g., sweating) arousal experienced at bed- time. A total score from 8 to 40 is computed for both subscales with higher scores indicating higher arousal.

Prenatal attachment Inventory. It consists of 21 Likert-type items with a 4-point response scale (1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = almost always). Total scores can range from 21 to 84, with high scores indicating higher levels of prenatal attachment.

State- Trait Anxiety Inventory. It consists of two subtests - trait and state anxiety. Range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, the higher score indicating greater anxiety.

Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. The PBQ consists of 25 statements about mothers' feelings, where mothers answer how well the statement applies to them on a six-point scales ranging from 0 to 5, with higher values indicating more problems. Min. score: 0, Max score: 125

Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. For 19 of the items the response format is a 4-point Likert Scale whereas the last three items use a visual analogue scale (VAS). The scoring range is 1 to 4 where higher ratings reflect more positive experiences. Min = 22. Max = 88

Epworth Sleepiness Scale. 8 items scored from 0-3. Interpretation: 0-5 lower normal daytime sleepiness. 6-10 normal daytime sleepiness. 11-12 mild excessive daytime symptoms. 13-15 moderate excessive daytime symptoms. 16-24 severe excessive daytime symptoms.

Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. The BMRQ is a 20-item questionnaire that examines five main facets that characterize musical reward experience in individuals: musical seeking, emotion evocation, mood regulation, social reward and sensory-motor. Participants indicate the level of agreement with each statement by using a five-point scale ranging from "fully disagree" (1) to "fully agree" (5). The contribution of each facet to the overall music reward experience is quantified by a numerical value obtained upon completion of the survey. A score for global sensitivity to music reward is also provided, which was obtained as the weighted sum of participants' scores (i.e., factor score). The mean value of each factor is 50, and the standard deviation is 10. Standard values are therefore located between 40 and 60. Punctuations below 40 indicate low values in this particular facet, whereas values above 60 indicate high values (the same applies to the global sensitivity to music reward)