Traumatic and Routine Stressors Experienced by Emergency Nurses

Emergency departments are high-intensity clinical environments where nurses are regularly exposed to traumatic events such as sudden death, severe injuries, violence, and resuscitation efforts, as well as routine stressors including high workload, time pressure, communication challenges with patients' relatives, and limitations in providing optimal care. While traumatic events are often sudden and emotionally intense, routine stressors may appear less severe but can accumulate over time and lead to significant psychological burden.

This study was designed as an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional investigation to systematically examine both traumatic and routine stressors experienced by emergency department nurses and to evaluate the emotional impact of these experiences. The study was conducted in multiple public hospitals located in different regions of Turkey, reflecting the multi-center nature of emergency nursing practice.

The study population consisted of registered nurses working in emergency departments. Eligibility criteria included having at least six months of experience in an emergency department and voluntary agreement to participate in the study. Nurses who met these criteria were invited to complete an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire.

Data collection took place between September 1, 2025, and December 1, 2025. The questionnaire included two main components: a demographic information form and the Traumatic and Routine Stressors Scale - Turkish Version (TRSS-TR). The TRSS-TR is a validated and reliable instrument adapted for use among Turkish emergency nurses. The scale assesses both the frequency of exposure to specific traumatic and routine stressors during the past six months and the perceived emotional impact of each stressor. Responses are rated on Likert-type scales, allowing for quantitative analysis of stressor exposure and emotional burden.

All data were collected anonymously using a secure online survey platform. Participation was entirely voluntary, and informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to data collection. No identifying personal information was collected.

Data analysis was performed using statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and scale scores. Depending on data distribution, appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests were applied to examine relationships between stressor frequency, emotional impact, and selected demographic or occupational variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

This study does not involve any intervention, experimental treatment, drug, or medical device. There are no anticipated physical or clinical risks to participants. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Agri Ibrahim Cecen University. The results are expected to provide evidence-based insights into occupational stress among emergency nurses and to inform future initiatives aimed at improving mental health support, workplace resilience, and organizational policies in emergency care settings.

• Inclusion Criteria;
• Registered nurses working in emergency departments
• At least 6 months of experience working in an emergency department
• Aged 18 years or older
• Willingness to participate voluntarily in the study
• Ability to complete an online self-administered questionnaire
• Exclusion Criteria ;
• Less than 6 months of experience working in an emergency department
• Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
• Incomplete questionnaire responses