Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) in Patients With Hip Fracture

Frailty indicates a state of vulnerability in terms of poor health outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, institutionalization and loss of function in one or more domains (i.e. physical, psychological, cognitive and social domains). Frailty is not only associated with poor quality of life and life satisfaction but also has an effect on health care demands, as the number of frail people in our aging population will increase.

Current literature suggests that frailty is a common condition among elderly patients with hip fracture. Ageing has been associated with a decline in physiological reserves which impedes the body's ability to withstand and recover from minor and major challenges, such as the hip fracture. Hence, accurate diagnosis of frailty seems mandatory. The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) questionnaire is a feasible, reliable and valid self-assessment tool.

This study will provide the first official Greek translation and cultural adaptation of the GFI according to the ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research) guidelines.

Inclusion criteria

• adult patients over 65 years old with hip fractures undergoing surgery
• an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) PS (physical status) I to III
• non-institutionalized
• able to communicate orally or in writing
• consent to participate

Exclusion criteria

• refused to participate
• pathological hip fractures
• institutionalized
• patients with hip fracture treated conservatively
• patients with severe cognitive dysfunction
• patients with insufficient knowledge of the Greek language