Transcultural Validation of the French Version of the " Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain " Scale

Incremental validity is the degree to which a new scale increases the ability to predict an outcome beyond existing parameters and scales. In our case pain self-efficacy, measured by the "pain self-efficacy questionnaire" [8], which exists in a validated French version [9], is the outcome to be predicted.

Hierarchical regression analysis will have four models including in hierarchical order 8 explanatory variables: demographical variables (gender, age, level of education), depressive symptoms and anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and finally the ABDC scale

Reliability will be evaluated as internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total-correlations.

Convergent validity will be evaluated by the correlation between the ABDC scale sum score and the "Survey of Pain Attitudes SOPA" scale [10], a self-administered questionnaire with 57 statements evaluating 7 categories of beliefs and attitudes about pain.

correlations with the following scales which measure constructs which are important determinants of chronic pain severity, but independent of the endorsement of the biopsychosocial model by a patient: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) [11] is a tool used to assess pain in patients. It was developed to measure both the intensity of pain and its impact on the patient's daily life. We will evaluate correlations with both the BPI-pain severity and the BPI-pain interference subscores.

Generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire GAD-7 The GAD-7 [12] is a questionnaire used to assess generalized anxiety disorder. It consists of seven questions that evaluate different symptoms associated with anxiety, such as nervousness, restlessness, and difficulty controlling worry.

Depressive symptoms: patient heath questionnaire PHQ-9 The PHQ-9 [13] is a screening tool for depression. It includes nine quest