Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Reduction of Pain and Postoperative Opioids Consumption After Spine Surgery

The combination of analgesic drugs acting on different mechanisms can potentiate the effects of analgesia. Moreover, the understanding of pain physiology at the molecular level supports the development of new specific drugs. Indeed, new neurophysiological models of pain processing by the brain are becoming exquisitely refined and are supported by electrophysiological and functional brain imaging studies. One of the interesting concepts that stemmed from these studies is the evidence that the experience of pain is reflected in the central nervous system by widespread activations and excitability changes within a network of interconnected cortical areas and subcortical structures. The network processing of noxious information and their limbic and emotional consequences has been termed the "pain matrix." The continuous observation of the activity and excitability changes that parallel the pain experience led to the development of a new therapeutic approach: the use of central nervous system stimulation techniques.

Inclusion criteria

• Able to give informed consent to participate in the study.
• postoperative spine surgery patients(discectomy and/or laminectomy).
• American society of anesthesiology scores I to II patients.

Exclusion criteria

the participant who has any history of:

• an adverse reaction to brain stimulation.
• a seizure
• an unexplained loss of consciousness
• a stroke
• serious head injury
• surgery to their head
• any brain related, neurological illnesses
• any illness that may have caused brain injury
• frequent or severe headaches
• metal in your head (outside the mouth) such as shrapnel, surgical clips, or fragments from welding
• any implanted medical devices such as cardiac pacemaker's or medical pumps
• taking any analgesic medications in the past 24 hours
• pregnancy
• anyone in your family has epilepsy