Trans-nasal Endoscopy for Bariatric Patients

Oral sedated endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract as Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been time tested and effective, but poses enhanced risk in the bariatric population. In the adult population nasal rather than orally guided EGD is available without sedations. This is known as transnasal endoscopy (TNE). Adult studies have demonstrated its feasibility, more rapid implementation, a possibility for increased endoscopy access, and enhanced safety for its use in multiple upper gastrointestinal tract disease, however it has not been readily adopted in the United States using standard 5-6 mm transnasal endoscopes.

Generally, having only sedated oral upper tract endoscopy using a typical 9-10 mm endoscope available in the United States has created problems with increasing costs, delayed diagnosis, endoscopy access issues, and morbidity around upper gastrointestinal tract disease. In a bariatric and metabolic program this can also delay care and timely intervention to allow for weight loss and improved morbidity. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has also hindered access to general diagnostic endoscopy and the referrals from bariatric programs could also prevent access for other general diagnostic screening or surveillance endoscopy not in the bariatric population. Additionally, the total cost of a sedated EGD can exceed $10,000 due to the cost of anesthesia. In high-risk populations such as the elderly and individuals with increased body mass index (BMI), the use of endotracheal tubes and deep sedation can lead to aspiration, atelectasis, or pneumonia. Most recently Friedlander and Nguyen et al published reports on the increased use of sedation-free endoscopy using even smaller endoscopes for primarily Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) but also a variety of diseases. Additionally, DeBoer et al published on the use of TNE in bariatric endoscopic screening and showed success and lower costs in an adult population. EvoEndo, Inc. has developed and introduced an FDA cleared 3.5 mm, portable, single-use endoscopy system that enables transnasal endoscopy of the upper GI tract with mucosal biopsies. It has the potential to more broadly introduce enhanced sedation-free endoscopic options for high risk patients in need of endoscopic screening for bariatric conditions in the United States. This study aims to evaluate the introduction of sedation-free TNE to an ambulatory bariatric clinic and evaluate its impact on time to diagnosis, time to intervention, impact on patient (direct/indirect) and clinic costs (direct/indirect) and revenue and the provider/team experience introducing the system.

Inclusion criteria

• Patient 18 years of age and less than 90 years of age with clinically referred for esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
• Cared for in metabolic and bariatric clinic

Exclusion criteria

• Patient <18 years of age
• Medically contraindicated to perform EGD or TNE
• Inability to provide informed consent