Training for Men Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

VO2peak (ml/kg/min); incremental ramp test on a cycle ergometer

Isometric squat test (N) measured on force plates

Assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (kg)

Assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (kg)

Assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (g/cm2)

Assessed by ultrasound (mm)

One leg balance test on the right and the left foot. Time to first footing is measured and the number of footings during 60s.

Usual and fast pace 6m walk test (s)

30 s chair stand test. Maximal number of sit-to-stand repetitions during 30 s.

Assessed by an automated blood pressure monitor (mmHg).

Assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test in which the participants will ingest a standardized glucose drink and blood glucose levels will be monitored throughout a period of 2 hours (mmol/L).

Assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test in which the participants will ingest a standardized glucose drink and blood insulin levels will be monitored throughout a period of 2 hours (μU/mL).

Assessed by high-multiplex immunoassays quantifying proteins associated with biological functions linked to cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 100 proteins will be assessed. Examples of proteins are: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tissue Factor (F3), and Thrombomodulin (THBD).

Type I and type II muscle CSA will be assessed by immunohistochemistry (µm2).

Type I and type II muscle fiber distribution will be assessed by immunohistochemistry (%).

The number of capillaries per muscle fiber will be assessed by immunohistochemistry.

The number of myonuclei per muscle fiber CSA will be assessed by immunohistochemistry.

The number of satellite cells per muscle fiber CSA will be assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Mitochondrial content will be assessed by measuring citrate synthase activity in homogenized muscle samples (mmol/kg/dw/min).

Mitochondrial respiration will be assessed by respirometry of permeabilized muscle fibers (respiration ratio).

Assessed by Illumina EPIC arrays to identify epigenetically regulated genes and pathways associated with exercise and the ADT-treatment.

Assessed by RNA-sequencing to identify differently regulated genes and pathways associated with exercise and the ADT-treatment.

Assessed by Western Blot and ELISA (AU). This could for example be proteins related to genes identified by the genome-wide DNA methylation analysis or transcriptome-wide RNA expression analysis.

Assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (AU). This could for example be genes identified by the genome-wide DNA methylation analysis or transcriptome-wide RNA expression analysis.

Assessed by the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) form. Scores scaled from 0 to 7. A higher score indicates more severe symptoms.

Assessed by the physical activity questionnaire. Scores scaled from 1 to 8. A higher score indicates a more physically active participant.

Assessed by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Scores scaled from 1 to 6. A higher score indicates better physical and psychological health.

Assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores scaled from 0 to 3. A higher score indicates more anxiety and depression.

Assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory survey (MFI-20). Scores scaled from 1 to 5. A higher score indicates more fatigue.