Traditional vs. Posterior Nasal Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis is a common condition characterized by persistent nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, leading to significant impairment in quality of life. Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinate is an established minimally invasive treatment for patients with symptoms refractory to medical therapy. However, symptom control may be suboptimal in some patients, particularly when posterior nasal neural components contribute to disease persistence.

Posterior nasal radiofrequency ablation, which extends treatment to the middle and posterior portions of the inferior turbinate, has been proposed as an adjunctive technique to enhance symptom relief by targeting posterior nasal regions. Evidence comparing traditional anterior inferior turbinate radiofrequency ablation with expanded posterior nasal radiofrequency ablation remains limited.

In this prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial, eligible patients with chronic rhinitis refractory to at least six months of medical therapy will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either expanded radiofrequency ablation including the middle and posterior portions of the inferior turbinate or traditional anterior inferior turbinate radiofrequency ablation alone. The primary outcome is the response rate based on improvement in reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS), defined as a ≥30% reduction from baseline at 3 months after the procedure. Secondary outcomes include changes in validated symptom and quality-of-life questionnaires and the incidence of procedure-related complications.

Inclusion criteria

• Age between 18 and 65 years old
• Chronic rhinitis symptoms for at least 6 months that have not responded effectively to medication (should include at least Intranasal corticosteroid (ICS) combined with intermittent use of oral antihistamine and, as needed, combination nasal spray) or where medication has not provided sustained improvement
• Total rTNSS ≥ 4 with Moderate to severe rhinorrhea symptoms (24-hour reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score [rTNSS] rhinorrhea score of 1-3) and mild to severe nasal congestion symptoms (rTNSS nasal congestion score of 1-3)
• All enrolled patients routinely undergo endonasal endoscopic examination, or have had a sinus CT within the past month confirming no significant rhinosinusitis."

Exclusion criteria

• Obstructive anatomical abnormalities limiting access to posterior nasal passages
• Nasal anatomical changes due to previous sinus or nasal surgery or injury
• Ongoing nasal or sinus infection
• History of severe dry eye, chronic epistaxis, rhinitis medicamentosa, or head and neck radiotherapy
• Self-reported history of bleeding tendency
• Current use of anticoagulants with inability to discontinue
• Previous chronic rhinitis surgery
• History of poor wound healing after head, neck, or throat surgery
• Pregnancy/lactation
• Neuromuscular disease preventing supine positioning