Towards Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean

The proposed study is a pragmatic randomized control trial of post-cesarean pain management techniques with participants allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a random block allocation table using blocks of size 4 and 6. Given the nature of the study, it would be impossible to blind participants and clinicians. Participants will be randomized after completion of the procedure to ensure that patients who have significant surgical complications such as severe hemorrhage or those undergoing hysterectomy are excluded.

All participants will receive intrathecal morphine 150mcg per OU standard of care, with orders for pain management per anesthesia for the first 24 hours with a regular diet, removal of urinary catheter 12-24 hours post-operatively, and abdominal binder placed after surgery. In addition, patients will be provided with a fitness tracker to be worn on their wrist throughout hospitalization and until their post-operative visit. After 24 hours, participants will be assigned to either receive current OU standard of care therapy which includes ibuprofen 800mg every eight hours as needed (PRN), acetaminophen 1000mg every eight hours PRN, and oxycodone five mg every six hours PRN or the study protocol. The study protocol will include scheduled ibuprofen 800mg every eight hours and acetaminophen 1000mg every eight hours, given at the same time, along with oxycodone five mg every six hours PRN for breakthrough pain. Both sets of patients will be provided with 60 pills of acetaminophen 500mg and 30 pills ibuprofen 800mg to take at home, with the study participants receiving instructions to take the medications in a scheduled fashion and the other group in an as needed fashion. Both groups will receive a discharge prescription for 20 pills of oxycodone five mg every 6 hours PRN to be taken for breakthrough pain as needed--current standard at OU. All prescriptions will be delivered to the patient from the pharmacy prior to discharge per our departmental standard. Patient requiring more medications to control pain beyond the randomized approach described above will be treated per the discretion of the attending physician or designee. Patients will be seen for a post-operative care visit on post discharge day 8-12 depending on patient and clinic availability and asked to bring their fitness tracker and medication bottles with them for assessment of steps taken, medication consumed, pain outcomes and satisfaction scores. The Oklahoma PMP Aware system will be accessed to record prescriptions for controlled substances from other providers.

Inclusion criteria

• Undergoing repeat cesarean delivery
• ≥37 week gestation
• attended at least 7 prenatal visits
• age ≥18.

Exclusion criteria

• Non-English speaking, attended < 7 prenatal visits, fetal anomalies or death, inability to ambulate, BMI ≥45kg/m2 at delivery due to higher risk of regional analgesia complications, placental implantation abnormalities, maternal diabetes due to the risk of wound complications, chorioamnionitis, allergy to study medications, underlying renal or hepatic impairment, opioid use in the last 3 months, chronic controlled substance use, chronic pain disorders, history of narcotic addiction, intraoperative hemorrhage not controlled with medication alone, additional concurrent surgeries other than sterilization procedures and presence of endometriosis noted at time of surgery. Patients will be enrolled and randomized to their respective groups after completion of the surgery, as there may be surgical complications that preclude their final enrollment as described in the exclusion criteria.