Touch Screen Usage Time In Relation To Visual Motor Integration and Quality of Life In Preschoolers

Primary outcomes

1. visual motor integration

   Time frame: 1 September 2020 to 31 March 2021

   The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale will be used to assess visual motor integration. It is a standardized, norm-referenced test used for the assessment of upper limb functions. It is an early childhood motor development program that provides (in one package) both in depth assessment and training of gross and fine motor skills. It can be used by occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and others who are interested in examining the motor abilities of young children. It is composed of six subtests:-Reflexes (8 items), stationary (30 items), locomotion (89 items), object manipulation (24 items), grasping (25 items) and visual motor integration (72 items). The results of the subtests may be used to generate 3 global indexes of motor performance called (composites). These composites are gross motor quotient, fine motor quotient and total motor quotient with higher scores represent better performance

2. Physical and Psychosocial Health

   Time frame: 1 September 2020 to 31 March 2021

   The Pediatric quality of life inventory™ generic Arabic parent proxy-report for children from two to five years was used to assess quality of life. It was developed to quantify health- related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents aged 2-18 years. It consists of 23 questions and evaluate how frequently of a trouble the child has had over the past month. Interpretation of the scale reveals the mean performance as total scale score, physical functioning score (eight questions), emotional functioning score (five questions), social functioning score (five questions) and school function scores (five items). the scores are from 0 to 100 with higher results reflecting better performance.

3. cognitive function

   Time frame: 1 September 2020 to 31 March 2021

   Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Cognitive Functioning Scale will be used to assess cognitive function. It was developed as a brief generic symptom-specific instrument to measure cognitive functioning. The 6-item scale was designed as a brief and easy-to-administer patient self-reported and parent proxy-reported generic symptom specific instrument to measure cognitive functioning across pediatric populations, originally developed in a pediatric cancer population. The PedsQLTM Cognitive Functioning Scale includes format, instructions, Likert scale from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.