To Linguistically and Psychometrically Validate the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the BPH 3-item Questionnaire

A new BPH 3-item questionnaire has recently been developed and published, and it may serve as a screening tool for male-LUTS due to symptomatic BPE. The questionnaire consists of only three items. A raw score ranging from 0 to 5 is assigned to each of the items, giving a final total score varying from 0 (no symptom) to 15 (very symptomatic). This questionnaire has been translated and validated into five different European languages and was harmonized cross-culturally for linguistic validation, followed by psychometric accuracy testing.

This new questionnaire may help rationalize more early commencement of therapy aimed at reducing the prostate size for the treatment of male LUTS due to BPE.

Inclusion criteria

• 18 - 90 years old Chinese male subjects presented with male-LUTS for at least 4 weeks
• The subjects are able to read and fully comprehend with the content of the questionnaires
• The subjects are willing to give informed consent for the study

Exclusion criteria

• peak uroflow ≤4mL/sec;
• post-void residual (PVR) ≥300 mL;
• unable to give informed consent
• need of clean intermittent self-catheterization / indwelling urethral catheterization at the time of enrolment;
• Surgical treatment (e.g. TURP) of bladder outlet obstruction / symptomatic benign prostate enlargement (BPE) ≤ 3 months before entry into the study
• clinical suspicion / presence of untreated urethral stricture and/or bladder neck stenosis,
• clinical suspicion / presence of genitourinary cancer including active prostate cancer with ongoing surgical or radiation treatment, or the need of treatment, or bladder cancer, or persistent unexplained hematuria;
• uncontrolled heart failure / diabetes mellitus(DM) / hypertension(HT);
• neuropathic bladder;
• Currently on dialysis or in consideration for dialysis due to end stage renal disease;
• More than 3 urinary tract infections within the last 12 months;
• Unstable dose of diuretic within the past 3 months;
• Has an artificial urinary sphincter;
• Impaired mental status;
• male-LUTS due to urinary tract infections / chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain