To Determine the Effectiveness of TENS vs EMS on Hemodynamics Parameters of Hypertension

However, the TENS group demonstrated a greater reduction in SBP and DBP, while the EMS group showed better improvement in heart rate control. The findings suggest that both treatments are effective non-pharmacological options for managing hypertension, with TENS being more effective overall in lowering blood pressure. These modalities may offer supportive benefits in long-term hypertension management strategies.

Inclusion criteria

• (25-60 years) including both male and female
• Patients clinically diagnosed with primary (essential) hypertension.
• Blood pressure ranging from 140/90 mmHg to 160/100 mmHg (Stage 1 to early Stage 2 hypertension).
• Participants who are not currently on intensive antihypertensive therapy or are on a stable dose of medication.
• Willingness to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent.
• Patients who are not involved in any physical activity.
• Participants who are overweight according to normal BMI.

Exclusion criteria

• Secondary hypertension due to renal, endocrine, or other systemic causes. Individuals with pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, or other electronic medical devices.
• Patients with severe cardiovascular conditions, such as recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias.

History of seizure disorders or epilepsy. Cancer Patients

• Presence of skin lesions, open wounds, or infections at the site of electrode placement.
• Patients undergoing physiotherapy or electrical therapy elsewhere during the study period.
• Individuals with known neurological or musculoskeletal disorders that could interfere with EMS or TENS effectiveness