To Compare the Efficacy of Weekly Azathioprine Pulse Versus Betamethasone Oral Mini-Pulse in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring, solitary, or multiple circular or oval patches of hair loss on scalp or other hear bearing areas. These patches often feature "exclamation mark hairs" near their leading edges. It effects all demographics irrespective of age, sex, and ethnicity. Clinically, Alopecia areata can be categorized in various forms depending on extent of involvement, such as patchy hair loss on the scalp, Alopecia Totalis (complete scalp hair loss), or Alopecia Universalis (complete scalp and body hair loss), or less commonly, as band-like hair loss on specific regions of the scalp.

Given the uncertain pathogenesis and course of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment modalities remains unpredictable. Effective treatment must address both the clinical efficacy and safety. Previous studies have reported variable safety profiles, remission, and relapse rates for weekly Azathioprine pulse therapy versus Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy, particularly when compared to placebo. However, direct comparisons, especially within our local demographic, are notably lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to bridge the existing gap in literature by offering a comparative evaluation of these therapies in the management of moderate to severe alopecia areata.

Inclusion criteria

• aged 16-60 years
• scalp area involvement of ≥ 15% by Alopecia Areata

Exclusion criteria

• used topical and intralesional treatment within last 1 month,
• received systemic therapy or phototherapy within last three months,
• anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, deranged renal and liver function test
• pregnant an lactating females
• patients with contraindications to corticosteroids or Azathioprine