To Assess the Effect of the Special Condition on the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the Esflurbiprofen Topical System (EFTS) in Healthy Volunteers.

Inclusion criteria

• age: 18 to 64 years (inclusive)
• body-mass index (BMI): ≧18.5 kg/m² and ≦ 30.0 kg/m²
• good state of health
• non-smoker or ex-smoker for at least 6 months
• written informed consent, after having been informed about benefits and potential risks of the clinical trial, as well as details of the insurance taken out to cover the subjects participating in the clinical trial

Exclusion criteria

• existing cardiac and/or haematological diseases or pathological findings, which might interfere with the safety or tolerability of the active ingredient
• existing or history of hypertension and/or heart failure
• existing hepatic and/or renal diseases or pathological findings, which might interfere with the safety or tolerability, and/or pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient
• existing gastrointestinal diseases or pathological findings, which might interfere with the safety and tolerability of the active ingredient
• history of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation related to previous NSAID therapy
• active, or history of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal haemorrhage
• existing metabolic, endocrine and/or immunologic diseases or pathological findings, which might interfere with the safety or tolerability, and/or pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient
• diabetes mellitus
• hyperlipidaemia (LDL > 4.16 mmol/l, HDL < 0.91 mmol/l, triglycerides > 2.28 mmol/l, cholesterol > 6.24 mmol/l)
• history of relevant CNS and/or psychiatric disorders and/or currently treated CNS and/or psychiatric disorders
• presence or history of acute or chronic diseases of the skin (e.g., atopic dermatitis (eczema), neurodermatitis, contact allergy, psoriasis, vitiligo, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma), any dermatological condition or skin sensitivity which might interfere with the safety, tolerability, absorption and/or pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient
• existing or history of bronchial asthma
• known allergic reactions (e.g., bronchospasm, rhinitis, angioedema, or urticaria) to the active ingredients used, to acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs, or to constituents of the pharmaceutical preparations
• history of severe allergies or multiple drug allergies unless it is judged as not relevant for the clinical trial by the investigator
• systolic blood pressure < 90 or > 139 mmHg
• diastolic blood pressure < 60 or > 89 mmHg
• heart rate < 50 bpm or > 90 bpm
• QTc interval > 450 ms for men and > 470 ms for women
• laboratory values out of normal range unless the deviation from normal is judged as not relevant for the clinical trial by the investigator
• ASAT > 20% ULN, ALAT > 10% ULN, bilirubin > 20% ULN (except in case of existing Morbus Gilbert-Meulengracht deduced from anamnesis/medical history) and creatinine > 0.1 mg/dL ULN (limit of > 0.1 mg/dL correspondents to of > 9 µmol/l ULN).
• positive anti-HIV-test (if positive to be verified by western blot), HBs-AG-test or anti-HCV-test
• vaccination against COVID-19 within the last 4 weeks prior to individual intended IMP application
• skin abnormality (e.g., tattoo (including tattoo that was removed), scar, sunburn, or obvious difference in skin colour), open sores, or excessive hair at the application site
• acute or chronic diseases which may interfere with the pharmacokinetics of the IMP
• history of or current drug or alcohol dependence
• positive alcohol or drug test at screening examination
• regular intake of alcoholic food or beverages of ≥ 24 g pure ethanol for male or ≥ 12 g pure ethanol for female per day
• subjects who are on a diet which could affect the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient
• regular intake of caffeine containing food or beverages of ≥ 500 mg caffeine per day
• blood donation or other blood loss of more than 400 ml within the last 2 months prior to individual enrolment of the subject
• participation in a clinical trial with administration of any investigational medicinal product during the last 2 months prior to individual enrolment of the subject
• simultaneous participation in another clinical trial with active ingredients
• regular treatment with any systemically available medication (except sexual and thyroid hormones)
• subjects, who report a frequent occurrence of migraine attacks
• positive pregnancy test at screening examination
• pregnant or lactating women
• female subjects who do not agree to apply highly effective contraceptive methods
• subject is vulnerable such as detained or committed to an institution by a court of law or by legal authorities or close affiliation with the sponsor or the investigational site (e.g., a close relative of the investigator, dependent person (e.g., employee of or student at the investigational site), employee of the sponsor or affiliates)
• subjects suspected or known not to follow instructions
• subjects who are unable to understand the written and verbal instructions, in particular regarding the risks and inconveniences they will be exposed to during their participation in the clinical trial