Time Restricted Feeding on Weight Loss and Cardio-protection (TREATY Trial)

Inclusion criteria

• Male of female aged between 18 and 75 years old;
• Body mass index (BMI)of 28.0 to 45.0 kg/m2;

Exclusion criteria

• History of HIV, hepatitis B or C (self-report) or active pulmonary tuberculosis;
• Diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes;
• History of malignant tumors;
• Serious liver dysfunction or chronic kidney disease (AST or ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal, or eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2);
• History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (angina, myocardial infarction or stroke) in the past 6 months;
• History of severe gastrointestinal diseases or gastrointestinal surgery in the past 12 months;
• History of Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, hypothalamic obesity;
• Being a smoker or having been a smoker in the 3 months prior to their screening visit;
• Taking medications affecting weight or energy intake/energy expenditure in the last 6 months, including weight loss medications, antipsychotic drugs or other medications as determined by the study physician;
• Currently participating in weight loss programs or weight change in the past 3 months (> 5% current body weight) ;
• Women who are pregnant or plan to become pregnant;
• Patients who cannot be followed for 24 months (due to a health situation or migration);
• Patients who are unwilling or unable to give informed consent.