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NCT Number: NCT04432116

Time and Virtual Reality in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Patients with bipolar disorders report an acceleration or slowing of time flow, and patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders a time fragmentation. These disorders would be linked to disorders of the sense of self. Assessing these time-related disorders could help to better predict psychotic conversion in vulnerable subjects. In this protocol, the investigators wish to develop playful methods for the evaluation of alterations in the passage of time, based on the use of virtual reality. The protocol will be tested in stabilized but chronic bipolar or schizophrenic patients, vs. healthy subjects matched on age, sex, and study level. The protocol will include two experimental sessions. It will begin with a waiting room-like session, at the end of which the subject will be asked to retrospectively estimate the time that will have passed. The games that will follow will all be based on the principle of temporal waiting. A first signal will indicate the start of the trial, and a target will be presented at varying times after this first signal. The later the target is presented, the more the subject expects and prepare for the target, and the faster he or she is. This time delay is measured by the subject's response (response time, error rate, eye fixation), but also by electrical signals measured by electroencephalography (EEG). The two experimental sessions will include several temporal manipulations during these tasks, intended to highlight alterations in the time flow in patients compared to controls. In one of the sessions, a starfield will be presented and the speed of the stars in the starfield will be manipulated, as a proxy for the speed of the environment. In one condition, the speed of the object will be average, and in the other the speed will be self-adjusted by the subject. In a control condition, the speed of the object will be zero. In the other experimental session, distractors will be presented during the waiting phase of the target. They will be presented either simultaneously or asynchronously. In one control condition the distractors will be absent. In both sessions it will be examined how the behavioral and EEG cues are affected by the manipulations. A double dissociation is expected, with greater disturbance in patients with bipolar disorder when standard movement is used, whereas patients with schizophrenia should be disturbed mainly when asynchronous distractors are presented.

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Key information

Conditions

Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Bipolar and Related Disorders Mental Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Age range

18 year–60 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Services de Psychiatrie I et II - Pôle de Psychiatrie CHRU Strasbourg

Strasbourg, 67091, France

Location status: Recruiting

Location contact

Dr Anne GIERSCH

CONTACT

[email protected]

+33388116471

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • - Participant, male or female, between 18 and 60 years old
  • Subject affiliated to a social health insurance scheme (beneficiary or entitled person)
  • Subject who has dated and signed an informed consent form
  • For a woman of childbearing age, negative pregnancy test and effective contraception throughout the study
  • A patient under guardianship, whose guardian has dated and signed a consent, as well as the patient if able.
  • A patient under guardianship, whose consent has been obtained, if necessary, by the guardian or with the assistance of the guardian, prior to the commencement of any trial-related procedures.

Patients only:

  • Patients with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia-like): Patients with diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia as defined by the DSM V (American Psychiatric Association, 2015).
  • Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A patient with diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder as defined by the DSM V (American Psychiatric Association, 2015).

Exclusion criteria

  • Substance Use Disorders (as defined by DSM-V)
  • Intake of benzodiazepines (in the period before inclusion, for a duration equivalent to 5 half-lives of the product), cannabis (in the 2 months before inclusion) or hallucinogenic substances (in the period before inclusion, for a duration equivalent to 5 half-lives of the product).
  • A neurological pathology or sequelae
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • Disabling sensory impairment, including visual acuity (corrected, if applicable) < 0.8 (due to the use of visual aids) (Freiburg Vision Test, Bach 1996)
  • Person deprived of liberty or under the safeguard of justice
  • Pregnant, parturient or breastfeeding women
  • Subject in a period of exclusion defined by another clinical study.

Healthy volunteers only:

History of major neurological or psychiatric illness with ongoing psychotropic medication (i.e., antidepressant, thyroid regulator, antipsychotic, benzodiazepine or hypnotic).

Patients only:

Only patients treated with neuroleptics, whether or not combined with an anti-parkinsonian corrector or anti-depressant, will be included. Patients taking benzodiazepines will be excluded

Treatment and study plan

virtual reality 1

Behavioral

the subject is in a virtual waiting room, there is no other intervention. The principle of this intervention is to make the subject wait with as little interfering events as possible

virtual reality 2

Behavioral

Subjects are in a virtual environment mimicking a space ship. On the screen there is a red light and subjects wait for this red light to become green. They press on a pad each time the red light becomes green

Other names: virtual reality 3

Primary outcomes

  1. EEG index of time expectation

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 2 years

    beta oscillations recorded with EEG during the waiting period

Secondary outcomes

  1. retrospective duration

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 2 years

    Retrospective duration judgement

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

GIERSCH GIERSCH, Dr

CONTACT

[email protected]

33388116471

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France

Other Gov

Registry information

Official study title

EEG and Behavioural Correlates of Virtual Reality Treatment of Environmental Zeitgebers in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Acronym: VirtualTimes

Important dates

Study start
2021
Primary completion
2027
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jun 16, 2020
Registry last updated
Mar 11, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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