Thrombophilia and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Implantation Failure and Recurrent Miscarriage

Inclusion criteria

• The control group included 32 oocyte donors, 18-35 years old, white caucasian, with normal karyotype, no miscarriages, and previous healthy live born infants without pregnancy complications.
• The UI group consisted of 31 couples with > 1 year infertility , < 38 years of age, normal ovarian function, normal hysterosalpingography and transvaginal ultrasound scan of the uterus and ovaries, normal karyotype in both parents, and normozoospermia.
• The IF group included 26 couples with 3.9±1.1 IVF failures with embryo transfer of at least 2 good quality embryos. They were < 38 years old, white caucasian, and had normal uterus by vaginal ultrasound and/or hysterosalpingography/ hysteroscopy. Moreover, endocrine disorders or autoimmune diseases were ruled out, a normal karyotype was found in both parents. The male had a sperm concentration > 5 mill/ml.They also had a PGS cycle with ≥ 60% of normal embryos.
• The group of women with RM (n = 30) had 3.2±1.3 (range: 2-9) previous miscarriages. They were < 38 years old, white caucasian, with normal uterus by vaginal ultrasound and/or hysterosalpingography/ hysteroscopy. Also, no endocrine anomalies or autoimmune diseases were found, and both parents had normal karyotype. Sperm concentration was > 5 mill/ml. Only 6 women had 2 miscarriages (20%) and the remaining 24 women at least 3. They also had a PGS cycle with ≥ 60% of normal embryos.