Three Arm Trial of Immune Effects of Echinacea

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy adult (based on a screening health questionnaire)
• Speaks and reads English.
• If female of child-bearing potential, willing to use contraception to prevent pregnancy during the study.
• No use of any medication (other than multivitamins, essential fatty acids, oral contraceptives and probiotics) for 2 weeks prior to first dose of study.
• Willing to abstain from ingesting edible mushrooms for 2 weeks prior and throughout study.
• Willing to eat less than 2 garlic cloves per day for 2 weeks prior and during the study period

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy or currently breastfeeding.
• History of autoimmune disease or immune disorders.
• History of asthma.
• History of allergic rhinitis.
• History of physician diagnosed eczema, psoriasis or other skin condition that could mask an Echinacea-induced rash.
• Known allergic reaction to Echinacea or related species, specifically ragweed (Ambrosia), chamomile (Matricaria), goldenrod (Solidago), and sunflower (Helianthus).
• Known allergic reaction to xylitol sweetener, glycerine, citric acid, or citrus fruits