This Study Aims to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Lumateperone and Cariprazine in Patients With Bipolar I Depression Using Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Clinical Global Impression Bipolar Severity Scale (CGI-BP-S) and Recording Treatment Emergent Adverse Effects.

Bipolar I disorder is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and depression that significantly impair functioning and quality of life. Bipolar depression is associated with substantial morbidity, increased risk of suicide, and reduced psychosocial functioning. Although mood stabilizers remain the cornerstone of treatment, many patients experience inadequate response to mood stabilizer monotherapy, necessitating the use of adjunctive pharmacological agents.

Cariprazine and lumateperone are newer antipsychotic agents that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bipolar depression. Cariprazine is a dopamine D3/D2 receptor partial agonist with preferential affinity for D3 receptors, whereas lumateperone exhibits a unique mechanism involving modulation of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Despite evidence supporting the efficacy of both agents, direct comparative data regarding their effectiveness and safety as adjunctive therapy in Bipolar I depression remain limited.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of lumateperone and cariprazine as adjunctive therapy to ongoing mood stabilizer treatment in adults diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder experiencing a current depressive episode. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive either lumateperone or cariprazine in addition to their prescribed mood stabilizer for an 6-week treatment period.

The primary efficacy outcome will be the change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from baseline to Week 6. Secondary efficacy outcomes will include changes in Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder-Severity (CGI-BP-S) depression scores and assessment of treatment response and remission rates. Treatment response will be defined as a clinically significant reduction in depressive symptoms as measured by MADRS, while remission will be determined using established MADRS threshold criteria.

Safety and tolerability will be evaluated throughout the study through regular monitoring of vital signs, physical examinations, and the occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). All adverse events will be documented and assessed for severity and relationship to study medication.

The findings of this study are expected to provide comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of lumateperone and cariprazine as adjunctive treatment options for Bipolar I depression and may assist clinicians in making evidence-based treatment decisions for patients who demonstrate an inadequate response to mood stabilizer therapy alone.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged 18-60 years
• Diagnosed with bipolar I depression according to DSM-5 criteria
• On stable dose of mood stabilizer (lithium or valproate) for at least 2 weeks
• Moderate to severe depressive symptoms (baseline MADRS score ≥20)
• Willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• • Current manic or mixed episode

• Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
• Substance use disorder
• Severe neurological illness or medical emergency
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Treatment-resistant depression requiring ECT
• Active suicidal risk requiring emergency intervention