Theory of Planned Behavior-Based Digital Addiction and Screen Time Management Training for Teachers

The form, prepared by the researchers, consists of 9 questions created in line with the literature review, covering general information about the teachers' socio-demographic characteristics.

The scale was originally developed by Young, and its short form was later created by Pawlikowski, Altstötter-Gleich, and Brand. The scale is a 12-item, unidimensional, 5-point Likert-type scale (scored from 1 to 5). The Turkish adaptation of the scale was carried out by Kutlu and colleagues. The total score ranges from 12 to 60, with no reverse-coded items or cut-off point. Higher scores on the scale indicate a higher level of internet addiction in the individual. While the Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the YIAT-SF scale was 0.85, this value was calculated as 0.89 in this study.

Developed by Buysse et al. (1989), PSQI measures sleep quality/problems over the past month. Cronbach's alpha = 0.80; validity confirmed via test-retest. Turkish adaptation by Ağargün et al. (1996) also showed α = 0.80, confirming psychometric stability. Total 24 items: 19 self-reported, 5 based on spouse/roommate observations (clinical use only; roommate item excluded from scoring). Scoring uses 18 items across 7 components, each item 0-3. Total score 0-21; ≥5 = clinically significant. Components: Subjective Sleep Quality (item 6), Sleep Latency (items 2+5a), Sleep Duration (item 4), Sleep Efficiency (items 1+3+4), Sleep Disturbances (5b-5j), Medication Use (item 7), Daytime Dysfunction (items 8+9). Item 4 is used for both Sleep Duration and Sleep Efficiency, a key design feature.

Diener and colleagues (2009) developed a measurement tool to assess individuals' socio-psychological health status (Diener et al., 2010). This scale was later adapted to Turkish culture by Telef (2013) and transformed into an 8-item form (Telef et al., 2013). In the analyses conducted, the factor loadings of the scale items were found to range between 0.54 and 0.76. As a result of the reliability analyses of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.80. It was determined that the item-total correlation coefficients ranged between 0.41 and 0.63, and the t-test results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The response options used in the scale have a seven-point Likert-type structure: "Strongly disagree," "Disagree," "Slightly disagree," "Undecided," "Slightly agree," "Agree," and "Strongly agree.