The Use of Eltrombopag Post HSCT in BMFD

Bone marrow failure disease(BMFD) is a kind of bone marrow due to congenital or acquired hematopoietic stem cells (hemopoietic stem cell, HSC) function damage. Generally, BMFD can be divided into two categories based on pathogenesis, which is primary and secondary BMFD. The latter is commonly seen secondary to infection, cancer, drugs, while aplastic anemia(AA), hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes(hMDS), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria(PNH) and Fanconi anaemia(FA) are included in primary BMFD. Although immunotherapy or allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) can be selected based on different individuals, allo-HSCT is still the most effective treatment for diseases that pose a greater threat to life or have a higher degree of malignancy, such as sereve aplastic anemia(SAA), MDS and PNH. Patients undergoing allo-HSCT typically achieve neutrophil and megakaryocyte reconstruction within 2 weeks and 3 weeks after transplantation respectively. However, 5-26% of patients have been reported to have delayed platelet engraftment (DPE), which is defined as persistent severe thrombocytopenia (<20 × 109/L) for >35 days after transplantation . To date, no standard treatment and prevention has been recommended for DPE. In patients with DPE, the amount of transfusion, the increased risk of infection, and the prolonged average hospital stay were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of allo-HSCT patients. Due to continuous and progressive failure in the bone marrow hematopoiesis, thrombocytopenia post HSCT is more common in BMFD patients and often achieves low response to conventional therapy, such as platelet transfusion. Therefore, it is of great significance to effectively promote hematopoietic reconstruction to improve the prognosis of transplant patients.

Inclusion criteria

Patients diagnosed as bone marrow failure disease who received allo-HSCT; Physical strength score 0-3 according to WHO standard

Exclusion criteria

• single or double umbilical cord blood transplantation;
• allergic to any of the research drugs involved in the protocol;
• simultaneously suffering from another malignant tumor;
• pregnant or lactating women;
• participating in other clinical researchers at the same time;
• patients with at least one following high risk factors of thrombosis: past medical history of thromboembolism, concurrent grade 2 to 3 hypertension (systolic BP>=160mmHg or diastolic BP>=100mmHg) , diabetes, obesity(BMI>30), family history of stroke, smoke for more than 10 years , or history of catheter thrombosis;
• severe cataract;
• Severe infectious diseases (uncured tuberculosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, viral infection, active hepatitis B/C; for positive HBsAg and HBcAg, patient is excluded if hepatitis B DNA nucleic acid test is positive, DNA negative patients can enter this clinical trial; patients with hepatitis C who have a positive hepatitis C RNA nucleic acid test are excluded).;
• Abnormal liver and kidney function: creatinine level ≥177 μmol/l (1.5mg/dl), transaminase and bilirubin levels increased significantly (3 times or more than the upper limit of normal), and who cannot be enrolled at the discretion of clinician.
• In moribund condition or concurrent severe liver, kidney, heart, nerve, lung, infectious or metabolic diseases, the severity of which will cause the patient to be unable to tolerate the treatment regimen, or may die within 7-10 days