The Swedish BioFINDER - Preclinical AD Study

Inclusion criteria

• Age 50-80
• Individuals aged 50-60 require at least one of the following risk factors for AD:

• Known apolipoprotein E (APOE) -ε4 carrier
• Known 1st degree family history of dementia or severe memory loss with onset prior to 75.
• Known amyloid brain pathology by either CSF or PET scan.
• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥26 (aged >65); MMSE ≥27 (aged 50-65).
• Score of 12 or above on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) telephone version.
• Speaks and understands Swedish to the extent that an interpreter is not necessary to fully understand the study information and cognitive tests.

6a. Preclinical Alzheimer's disease subgroup (n=450): Amyloid pathology according to cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease and amyloid PET scans.

6b. Non-Preclinical Alzheimer's disease subgroup (n=150): No sign of preclinical Alzheimer's disease using cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers or Aβ-PET scans.

Exclusion criteria

• Fulfils the criteria for minor or major neurocognitive disorder according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
• History of significant brain injury or other known neurologic disease or insult, resulting in lasting cognitive sequelae that would confound the assessment and staging of potential neurodegenerative disease.
• Major depression, bipolar disorder, or recurrent psychotic disorders within the past year.
• History of alcohol and/or substance abuse or dependence within the past year.
• Significant unstable systemic illness or organ failure, such as terminal cancer, that makes it difficult to participate in the study.
• Refusing or unable to complete baseline cognitive and biomarker assessments (i.e., cognitive testing, blood draw, MRI and PET).