the Real-world Data of Risk Factor and Its Prognosis in PREmature Coronary ARtery DIseAse Study

The duration and form of exercise (low, moderate and high intensity) was reported in the form of recall, with higher scores representing more exercise.

Record participants' daily exercise, more objective than questionnaires.

Representation of extreme and sub-extreme motion.

Measurement of fasting blood glucose levels to evaluate changes in glucose metabolism and glycemic control. Fasting blood samples are collected in the morning following an 8- to 12-hour fast. Blood glucose concentration is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) using a standardized laboratory analyzer to ensure accuracy and consistency.

Measurement of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels to evaluate long-term glycemic control over the past 2-3 months. HbA1c is measured as a percentage using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, providing an indication of average blood glucose levels.

Measurement of serum creatinine levels to assess renal function and monitor potential changes over time. Serum creatinine is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) using an enzymatic assay in a certified laboratory. This measurement serves as a key indicator of kidney function and is used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an additional marker of renal health.

Measurement of lipid profile, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides, to evaluate cardiovascular risk and lipid metabolism. Fasting blood samples are collected after an 8- to 12-hour fast and analyzed in a certified laboratory using enzymatic colorimetric assays. Results are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

Measurement of serum uric acid levels to assess purine metabolism and monitor for potential hyperuricemia. Serum uric acid is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) using an enzymatic colorimetric method in a certified laboratory. This measure provides insight into kidney function and potential risk of gout.

Measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels to evaluate kidney function and protein metabolism. BUN is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) using an enzymatic assay in a certified laboratory, offering an indicator of renal health and nitrogen balance.

Assessment of depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a validated 20-item self-report questionnaire that measures the frequency of depressive symptoms experienced in the past week. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (rarely or none of the time) to 3 (most or all of the time), with a total score range of 0-60. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

Assessment of health-related quality of life using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. This tool measures five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has five response levels, ranging from no problems to extreme problems, resulting in a single health state index score. Additionally, participants provide a self-rated health score on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health). Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life.

Assessment of sports-related self-efficacy using the Multidimensional Sports Self-efficacy Scale (MSES), a validated questionnaire measuring an individual's confidence in performing various aspects of sports performance. The MSES includes subscales for different dimensions, such as physical skill, self-regulation, and coping with pressure. Each item is rated on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all confident) to 7 (extremely confident), with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in sports-related skills and resilience.

Assessment of self-efficacy for exercise using the Chinese Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE-C), a validated questionnaire designed to measure an individual's confidence in their ability to engage in and sustain exercise. The SEE-C consists of several items that assess self-efficacy across various domains such as initiation, maintenance, and overcoming barriers to exercise. Each item is rated on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (extremely confident), with higher scores reflecting greater confidence in one's ability to engage in regular physical activity.