The Q in the Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY): Exploring New Methods

This study explores new methodology regarding the measurement of health state utilities. A new pharmaceutical is nowadays only reimbursed if there is evidence of cost-effectiveness. This can be determined by different types of economic evaluations, of which cost-utility analysis (CUA) is preferred in most guidelines. In CUA the health outcome of a technology is measured in quality adjusted life years (QALY). Utilities to calculate QALYs should be based on decisions under uncertainty (decision utilities). However, the health care literature describes several problems that lead to bias in the measurement of decision utilities. These biases lead to an inaccurate estimation of the value of a health state and can therefore cause policy makers to allocate resources inefficiently. To solve some of these problems, it was suggested to determine experiences associated with different health states by measuring well-being moment-to-moment (experienced utility) by the Experience Sampling Method or the Day Reconstruction Method.

Differences between the utilities measured using traditional preference based measures (decision utility), and using the new state-of-art methods ESM and DRM (experienced utility) in a range of populations with differing conditions and severity of health state will be investigated. Since somatic, psychosomatic and psychological conditions are likely to differ in the way they experience and affect well-being, we will involve patient groups from each category in this study as well as healthy controls.

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnose on one of the diseases under investigation
• 18 years or older

Exclusion criteria

• not being able to read in Dutch
• not able to handle the ESM device because of impaired motor skills