The Irisin and Metabolic Exercise Training Study

Although exercise is recognized as a cornerstone in the management of obesity and diabetes, previous research has shown substantial inter-individual variability following an exercise intervention. As of now, the mechanisms underlying the cardio-metabolic response to exercise have not been fully elucidated. When accounting for genetic factors, only 20-30% of the response is explained, which indicates that other factors must contribute to this exercise-related cardio-metabolic response. Exercise stimulates the release of myokines, which have been shown to play a critical role in health. However, the contribution of these myokines to the cardio-metabolic response is unknown. Furthermore, the regulation of myokines according to different exercise stimuli (i.e., exercise intensity) is unclear. It is suggested that altering specific exercise parameters can reduce the variability in the response and increase the proportion of participants who obtain the expected physiological adaptations.

The purpose of this project is to: 1) determine whether high intensity interval training (HIIT) generates a greater secretion of irisin compared to moderate (MOD) aerobic exercise in individuals living with obesity and in those with a normal weight; 2) investigate whether the increase in irisin during exercise is associated with insulin sensitivity in individuals living with obesity and in those with normal weight; and 3) determine whether differences exist between groups.

Methods: The investigators will use a randomized controlled crossover design to perform this study in which 40 participants (aged 19-50) will be recruited into two groups (n = 20 obese, n = 20 normal weight). Each group will be randomized into three conditions: 1) an acute bout of MOD aerobic exercise: 35 minutes of cycling at 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR), 2) an acute bout of HIIT aerobic exercise: cycling at 50% of HRR for 5 minutes followed by 2 minutes of cycling at 85-90% of HRR consecutively for a total of 35 minutes, and 3) a control condition: blood draws matched for exercise time will be taken while the participant remains seated. The primary outcome measure will be insulin sensitivity using the Matsuda Index. The primary exposure variable will be the acute secretion of irisin during exercise.

Study hypothesis: It is hypothesized that: 1) an acute bout of HIIT aerobic exercise will generate a greater plasma irisin secretion compared an acute bout of continuous MOD aerobic exercise; 2) increased irisin will be positively associated with greater insulin sensitivity; and 3) differences will be observed between individuals living with obesity and those with a normal weight.

Inclusion criteria

• Obesity (≥30 kg/m2);
• Physical inactivity (must not reach Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines);
• At risk for Type 2 diabetes;
• Adult (aged 19-50).

Exclusion criteria

• Individuals with Type 2 diabetes;
• Chronic conditions or injuries that would impact exercise;
• Regular exercise training.