The Impact of Lifestyle Medicine on the Sense Of Coherence and Biological Age in a Community Sample

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine relative telomere length

Sense of Coherence was assessed with the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13). The scale consists of 13 items rated from 0 to 7. It is considered to have high internal consistency reliability and high validity when compared to other scales measuring the same personality trait.

To assess perceived stress, the Greek version of the PSS questionnaire was administered, which consists of 14 items, each graded on a 5-point Likert scale. More specifically, there are seven positive and seven negative items and the total score ranges from 0 to 56. Higher PSS scores indicate higher levels of perceived in the past month

Sleep quality was assessed using the Greek version of the PSQI questionnaire. The PSQI consists of 19 self-report questions, grouped into 7 components (subjective sense of sleep quality, awakening time, latent period, duration, usual sleep productivity, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction). The score ranges from 0 to 3, resulting in a total score ranging from 0=high sleep quality to 21=low sleep quality. A total score of > or = 5 indicates poor sleep

The healthy lifestyle and self-monitoring questionnaire consists of 26 items, which are divided into a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1=never/rarely to 4= always. A higher score indicates increased health empowerment. Specifically, the HLPCQ is designed to assess one's degree of control over daily activities such as diet, daily schedule, physical activity, socialization and pessimistic thoughts

A non invasive diagnostic tool that assesses various body functions, including: (a) stress response, (b) sensory and autonomic tones and (c) activation of limbic and cortical regions of the brain. In addition, it measures sodium (Na+) and chloride (CI-) levels in 17 areas of the body.

Body Impedance analyzer used to estimate body composition analysis and is based on the principles of bioelectrical impedance. Impedance was measured through the legs and lower torso through a metal plate which incorporated the electrodes, as subjects stood barefoot

a self-report instrument to assess two basic dimensions of mood: positive and negative affect. The given tool consists of two scales of 10 pieces. Each element refers to a different emotion. The respondent reports the extent to which they felt each of the emotions in the past week according to a 5-point Likert scale (1= very slightly or not at all, 5=extremely

This metric assessed each individual's perception of their abilities to work through challenging conditions and overcome everyday obstacles. It is based on a 4-point Liker-type scale ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (absolutely true). The overall result is calculated by the sum of all statements. The psychometric properties of the aforementioned tool seem to be good in the Greek population

consists of 15 questions and 5 self-report statements and assesses three dimensions: conscious, mental and critical evaluation of the person's life

measures five personality dimensions: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism and enjoys high reliability. It consists of 44 items and the respondent is asked to indicate how much they agree or disagree with each statement, where 1=Strongly Disagree, 2= Slightly Disagree, 3= Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4= Strongly Agree

questions about how a person manages their emotions in general. The Wong-Low scale is the scale of emotional intelligence and is consists of 16 items and the participant is asked to grade gradually from 1 to 7, where the grade "1" expresses the absolute disagreement with the sentence and "7" the absolute agreement.

The standardized battery (BICAMS) was used to assess cognitive functions in the participants. This memory assessment tool took about 15 minutes to complete is completed and included three categories of cognitive tests: The Normal Symbol Digital Modalities Test (SDMT), which measured information processing speed, the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), which assessed verbal memory and subsequent immediate recall. Finally, the third test concerned short visuospatial memory Test Revised (BVMTR), which assessed visual memory and immediate recall. Low scores indicated cognitive dysfunctions and cognitive decline. The specific tool for memory assessment has been proposed to help practitioners identify a potential cognitive dysfunction in humans