Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT05744050

The Impact of Food Reformulation on Energy Intake

Food prepared outside of the home tends to have a high energy content, and high levels of nutrients of concern (sodium, fat, saturated fat and sugar), especially when compared to home-cooked food. A number of studies suggest that when energy density of a food is manipulated it has a linear effect on energy intake, because consumers tend to eat a constant weight of food. However, recent observational research suggested that up to approximately 1.5-2kcal/g, individuals are relatively insensitive to changes in energy density, and there is no indication of compensation through altering meal size. However, upwards of approximately 1.5-2kcal/g, the authors proposed that individuals compensate for increases in energy density by selecting and consuming smaller meal sizes.

The investigators aim to measure participant's consumption (in grams and kilocalories) of three meals at low, medium and high energy densities, and to measure later food intake to observe any evidence of later compensation in response to experimental condition

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Diet, Healthy Behavior Behavior, Animal Body Weight Eating Behavior Feeding Behavior Nutrition Disorders Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Obesity Overnutrition Overweight Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Liverpool

Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom

About this study

See attached protocol document.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Currently reside in the United Kingdom
  • Over the age of 18 years
  • Fluent English speaker
  • Like the test foods
  • Have a BMI between the ranges of 18.5 and 35.

Exclusion criteria

  • Pregnant/breastfeeding
  • Partaking in a fast or other restrictive eating for religious reasons at time of participation
  • Currently following a diet
  • On medication that affects appetite
  • Being a smoker
  • Current or historic eating disorder
  • Dietary restrictions/intolerances including:
  • Any allergies
  • Vegan/vegetarian
  • Gluten-free
  • Dairy-free
  • Sugar-free

Treatment and study plan

Low energy density lunch

Behavioral

Particpants will be provided with a lunch low in energy density (~1.1kcal/g)

Medium energy density lunch

Behavioral

Participants will be provided with a lunch medium in energy density(~1.7kcal/g)

High energy density lunch

Behavioral

Participants will be provided with a lunch high in energy density (~3kcal/g)

Primary outcomes

  1. Acute intake

    Time frame: 30 minutes after intervention administered

    The investigators will observe differences in consumption (g/kcal) when participants are given a meal covertly manipulated to be low, medium or high in energy density.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Later intake

    Time frame: Up to 7 hours after intervention administered

    The investigators will measure later food intake, in order to observe any evidence of later compensation in response to experimental condition.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Liverpool

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2023
First posted
Feb 24, 2023
Registry last updated
Jun 5, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.