H. pylori culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test
ProcedureAntral and body biopsy specimens were evaluated separately. Organisms were identified as H. pylori by Gram staining, colony morphology, and positive oxidase, catalase, and urease reactions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method. Amoxicillin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.), clarithromycin (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill.), metronidazole (Sigma), tetracycline (Sigma) and moxifloxacin (Sigma) for the H. pylori isolates were examined by use of the serial twofold agar dilution method and the reference of susceptibility testing was according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [amoxicillin (AMC), MIC ≥ 0.5 μg / ml; clarithromycin (CLA), MIC > 1.0 μ g / ml; metronidazole (MET), MIC > 8 μ g / ml; tetracycline (TC), MIC > 4 μ g / ml; and moxifloxacin (MOX), MIC > 1 μ g / ml).