The Efficacy of Olfactory Training Intervention on Olfactory and Other Non-motor Symptoms in PD

Inclusion criteria

• PD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Movement Disorders and Parkinson Disease Group of Chinese Society of Neurology of Chinese Medical Association.
• Olfactory score was 1 standard deviation lower than the corresponding age norm;
• no medication plan in the past four weeks or no change in medication plan in the past four weeks, which can be maintained until the end of the experiment; 4.40-75 years old, with normal vision, hearing and language understanding and expression ability;

5.Good cooperation of patients

Exclusion criteria

• Parkinson's syndrome and Parkinson's plus syndrome caused by cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, trauma, drugs, etc.;
• Neuropsychiatric diseases that may affect the sense of smell, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, etc.;
• History of nasal disease or surgery, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal septum deviation, etc. Upper respiratory tract infection in the past 3 weeks;
• Long-term smoking and occupations that inhale chemical irritants for a long time.