The Effects of Vyvanse(TM) on Brain Hemodynamics and Reading

This is a single-blind study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Vyvanse™ and provide pilot data in two areas: (1) on the use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to detect medication effects in children with ADHD; and (2) on the influence of Vyvanse ™ on reading fluency and comprehension over a period of approximately 6 weeks. Subjects will be between the ages of 6 and 12 at the beginning of the study.

The study will consist of periods detailed below:

Screening and Washout. Subjects will be screened up to four weeks prior to baseline. The washout period will be 3 days for most ADHD stimulant medication (the half life is around 3-5 hours and the washout is at least 5 half-lives in duration). Other medication will be discussed during the visit.

The Screening Visit will occur at the UCI Child Development Center and will allow for the determination of appropriateness of each subject's inclusion into the study. The Principal Investigator or his/her designee must obtain written signed and dated consent for the subject to participate in the study from the subject's parent(s)/legally authorized representative and assent must be given by the subject, prior to any study related procedures being performed. This visit is expected to last 3-4 hours and may take place across more than one day.

The following procedures will be conducted during the Screening Visit:

• Informed Consent/Assent obtained
• Psychiatric evaluation that utilizes the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and according to DSM-IV-TR™ criteria
• Inclusion/Exclusion criteria confirmed
• Demographics collected
• Medical and Medication History
• Physical Examination including height (using a calibrated stadiometer), weight (using a calibrated scale)
• Sitting Vital Signs after 5 minutes of rest (oral or tympanic temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate)
• 12-Lead ECG after 5 minutes of rest
• Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT2): used to assess both verbal and non-verbal cognitive ability.
• Concomitant Medications reviewed
• Adverse Events reviewed

In addition, the subject will be asked to give a small blood sample, for safety screening purposes, for laboratory procedures (approximately 2 teaspoons).The following lab procedures will be performed:

• Hematology with complete blood count (CBC)
• Serum Chemistry
• Urinalysis and microscopic examination (if protein and/or blood are detected during urinalysis)
• Serum Pregnancy Test for all FOCP - A negative serum pregnancy test must be documented for inclusion into this study
• Urine drug test Baseline Procedures. After all Screening and washout procedures have been completed, subjects will return to the site for the Baseline Visit, which will last approximately 5-6 hours.

Subjects will be provided with a one-week supply of VyvanseTM 30mg/day. Subjects will begin treatment the morning of the baseline visit and continue on the same dose for the next week. The first dose of medication will be administered on site and subsequent dosing will be given to the subject's parent(s)/legally authorized representative who will be required to administer study drug to the subject upon awakening. During the visit subjects will perform the Attention Task while the NIRS is recording and they will also be given the Gray's Oral Reading Test before the medication is administered. After the medication is administered the subject will stay on site until the second NIRS measurement can be taken a second time. They will be provided food and activities during the waiting period.

The following procedures will be conducted during the Baseline Visit:

• Confirmation of continued eligibility (i.e., with respect to inclusion/exclusion criteria and medication history)
• Sitting Vital Signs (oral or tympanic temperature, pulse, blood pressure and respiratory rate)
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent: Investigator Administered and Scored (ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv): The primary efficacy measure, used to assess the 18 symptoms of ADHD.
• Clinical Global Impressions Severity scale (CGI-S): This measure is used to assess the severity of the subject's symptoms.
• Concomitant Medications will be reviewed with the subject.
• Adverse Events
• Medication administered on-site
• Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Attention Task performed twice, once at before medication and again 3-4 hours after first exposure to medication.
• Administer the Gray Oral Reading Test-4 (GORT-4), which used to test oral reading rate, accuracy, fluency, and comprehension, before exposure to medication.
• Distribute Open-Label Study Drug - A one-week supply of VyvanseTM 30mg capsules will be dispensed, including the dose administered on site.

Dose Optimization. During the dose optimization period, subjects will visit the office once per week so that the study doctor can determine if the subject is tolerating the study medication and if she/he is seeing any benefit. These visits will last approximately 45 minutes. The Investigator will review AEs, ADHD-RS-IV, and CGI-I scores, and use clinical judgment to ensure that subjects are titrated to an acceptable dose of VyvanseTM for evaluation.

The following procedures will be conducted at each dose optimization visit:

• Sitting Vital Signs (oral or tympanic temperature, pulse, blood pressure and respiratory rate)
• Subject Weight (using a calibrated scale)
• Investigator Dose Assessment
• ADHD-RS-IV
• Clinical Global Impressions Improvement Scale (CGI-I).
• Study Drug Accountability and Compliance Assessment Performed
• Distribute Open-Label Study Drug
• Concomitant Medications
• Adverse Events Dose Optimized NIRS and GORT Testing

This visit will be similar to the baseline visit. Subjects will arrive early in the morning and medication will be administered on-site. They will remain on site for the next 4 hours so that the dose will be at peak effect before administering the GORT or NIRS. The following procedures will happen during this visit:

• Sitting Vital Signs after 5 minutes of rest (oral and tympanic temperature, pulse, blood pressure and respiratory rate)
• Subject weight (using a calibrated scale)
• An electrocardiogram will be performed.
• Serum Pregnancy Test for all FOCP - A negative serum pregnancy test must be documented for the end of the study.
• ADHD-RS-IV
• CGI-I
• Study Drug Accountability and Compliance Assessment Performed
• Concomitant Medications
• Adverse Events
• Medication administered on-site
• Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Attention Task performed once.
• Administer the Gray's Oral Reading Test.
• Physical examination including height (using a calibrated stadiometer)
• 12 Lead ECG 30-day Follow-up Phone Call

Inclusion criteria

• Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test.
• Subjects must meet DSM-IV-TR™ criteria for a primary diagnosis of ADHD.
• Subjects must have an ADHDRS-IV-Parent: Inv total score at least 1.5 standard deviations above the age and gender norms.
• The subject is functioning at an age appropriate level intellectually as determined by an IQ score of ≥ 80 on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test.
• The subject and subject's parent or legal guardian must be willing and able to comply with all the testing and dosing requirements in this study.
• Subject has blood pressure measurements within the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height.
• All subjects and their parents must be able to communicate effectively in English with the doctor and his/her staff without the aid of an interpreter.

Exclusion criteria

• Subject has any documented, current, controlled psychiatric illness [except Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)]. The child may continue participating in a behavior modification program during this study as long as he/she has been participating in the program for at least one month at the time of the baseline visit.
• Subject has Conduct Disorder (CD).
• Subject has a documented allergy, hypersensitivity or intolerance to amphetamines, which is the class of drug to which Vyvanse™ belongs.
• Subject has failed to respond to one or more adequate courses (dose and duration) of amphetamine therapy.
• Subject has a recent history (within the past 6 months) of suspected substance abuse or dependence disorder (excluding nicotine).
• Subject had a history of seizures during the last two years (exclusive of febrile seizures), a tic disorder, or a current diagnosis and/or family history of Tourette's Disorder.
• Subject has a history of heart abnormalities that the study doctor feels would exclude him/her from the study.
• Subject has a positive urine drug result at the screening visit.
• Subject weighs less than 50 pounds (22.7 kg).
• Subject has taken another investigational drug within the last 30 days prior to the screening visit.
• Subject has any reported history of abnormal thyroid function.
• Subject has any clinically significant electrocardiogram reading (an electrical recording of the heart - ECG) or laboratory abnormalities at the screening and/or baseline visits.
• The study doctor feels that the subject's safety would be jeopardized if entered in this study due to a current illness or medical condition. Mild, stable asthma is not exclusionary.
• Subject is taking any medication that is excluded.