The Effects of Different Types of Music on Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery

This scale is grounded in the two-factor theory of anxiety and comprises two sections with a total of 40 items. The items include both direct statements, which reflect negative emotional states, and reverse statements, which reflect positive emotional states. The total score ranges from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater levels of anxiety. The first section (Items 1-20) assesses state anxiety, evaluating how the individual feels at a given moment. Respondents are asked to select one of the following options: Not at all, A little, A lot, or Completely. The second section (Items 21-40) measures trait anxiety, reflecting how the individual generally feels over time. For each item, respondents choose from: Almost never, Sometimes, Very often, or Almost always. The scale is intended to measure anxiety experienced over the past six months.

This scale comprises 24 items designed to assess patients' general thoughts, self-perceptions, and emotional states before and after surgical procedures. The items are formatted using a 6-point Likert scale, with response options ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 6 (Strongly Agree). A total of 12 items are positively worded (Items 1, 5, 6, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, and 24), while the remaining 12 items are negatively worded (Items 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, and 22). Negatively worded items are reverse-coded during the scoring process.For positively worded items, higher scores indicate greater comfort, whereas lower scores reflect decreased comfort. The total scale score ranges from 24 to 144. Scoring involves summing the reverse-coded negative items and the original scores of positive items. A higher total score reflects a higher level of perceived comfort, while a lower score indicates reduced comfort.