The Effects of a Pre-packaged, Portion Controlled Meal Plan on Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Control: A Comparison Study

Eligible volunteers are randomly assigned to a treatment group consisting of a pre-packaged, portion controlled meal plan plus a group behavior modification program or to a control group that consists of a group diabetes support and education (DSE) program. Random assignment will be stratified by whether or not a subject is taking insulin at baseline, which will be included as a covariate in all subsequent analyses. Treatment assignments are unmasked. At the end of 24 weeks both groups will have completed 9 group sessions (weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24). At week 16, each participant will meet individually with the study physician to review their progress to date. These meetings will take place at the week 16 group visit. The PCD program is aimed at achieving and maintaining a decrease in weight and providing a group behavior modification program from 0-24 weeks. The DSE program is aimed at providing diabetes support and education from weeks 0-24. A Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE) will review the effects of diet and weight loss, exercise, and medications on blood glucose levels among all participants at the individual session before any changes in dietary intake or exercise are prescribed. Participants will be counseled on strategies to prevent hypoglycemia and will be given a blood glucose meter and strips and instructed to measure their blood glucose at least two times per day while participating in the study. In addition, the causes, symptoms and treatment of hypoglycemia will be reviewed including when to contact their health care provider.

Inclusion criteria

• Type 2 diabetic men and non-pregnant or non-lactating women between the ages of 21 to 75
• BMI ≥ 25 and ≤ 50
• Subjects must be willing to comply with all study-related procedures
• Participant with screening HbA1C ≥ 6.5 and <12.0.

Exclusion criteria

• Use of Byetta (exenatide) or Symlin (pramlintide acetate) for diabetic control< 6 months. Participants must be stable on all other medications for at least 3 months for inclusion. If a participant is on a medication for less than 3 months and the study physician determines the medications will not affect the study outcomes (weight, glycemic control, etc), they can be enrolled (excluding hypertension or cholesterol medications).
• BMI ≤24.9 or ≥ 50.1
• Participation in another formal weight loss program within last 6 months
• Weight loss > 5 kg during the last 6 months
• Participation in Diabetes Support and Education Program or other formal diabetes education program within last 6 months
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 180 or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg). Participants on medication treating hypertension for at least three months are allowable.
• Known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
• History of congestive heart failure
• History of a non-skin malignancy within the previous 5 years
• Any major active rheumatologic, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, dermatologic disease or inflammatory condition
• History of testing HIV positive
• History of alcohol or drug abuse
• Weight-loss inducing medications or dietary supplements within 3 months prior to enrollment.
• Participation in any weight loss study or investigational drug study within 6 weeks prior to the screening
• Serious or unstable medical or psychological conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the subject's safety or successful participation in the study.
• Participants taking anti-depressants (SSRI's are allowed except for bupropion [Wellbutrin]) , mood stabilizers, anti-psychotics, and psychiatric medications treating any mood, psychological or psychiatric condition. Refer to Appendix 1 for medication exclusion list.
• Participants with screening triglycerides above 500 mg
• Uncontrolled Dyslipidemia as defined by screening LDL cholesterol of ≥ 160 mg/dL. Participants on medication treating dyslipidemia for at least 3 months are allowable.
• Any female who tests positive on a urine pregnancy test or who reports being pregnant at screening
• Gastrointestinal Disorders (gallbladder disease, Crohn's disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, and any GI disease that affects malabsorption).
• An allergy to certain foods that cannot be avoided due to the nature of the packaged foods such as, but not limited to nuts, dairy, gluten, etc.
• Non-medical related dietary restrictions, such as vegetarians
• Neuropathy that interferes with exercise.
• Smoking or tobacco use
• Previous weight loss surgery.