The Effectiveness of Using Interactive Devices for Home Exercise in Patients With Frozen Shoulder.

**Background and Rationale** Frozen shoulder, formally known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition causing restricted shoulder movement and significant pain, which severely impacts a patient's quality of life. The disease progression typically involves three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing. While standard treatments include medication and physical therapy, exercise therapy-specifically home exercise-is a critical component for restoring joint mobility and muscle strength. However, patients often struggle with compliance and correct form when exercising unsupervised at home. This study introduces an interactive digital system to provide real-time guidance, movement monitoring, and immediate feedback to optimize home rehabilitation.

**Study Design** The study is a randomized parallel experimental clinical trial. It plans to enroll 30 patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis from the Rehabilitation Medicine Outpatient Department. Participants are randomly assigned to either an interactive device intervention group (15 patients) or a control group (15 patients). The total intervention period for each participant is 4 weeks.

**Intervention Details**

• **Interactive Device Group:** Participants receive standard hospital physical therapy (including manual therapy, electrotherapy, and thermotherapy) twice a week. Additionally, they are provided an iPhone equipped with the "HappyGoGo" interactive rehabilitation software to perform 15 minutes of home exercise daily. The software uses gamified scenarios to guide patients through shoulder flexion, abduction, push/pull, internal/external rotation, and elbow flexion exercises. The system tracks movement, and post-session data (such as joint angles and movement trajectories) is uploaded to a cloud server, allowing the medical team to remotely review the patient's execution quality and daily compliance.
• **Control Group:** Participants receive the same standard hospital physical therapy twice a week. Instead of the interactive device, they are given standard home exercise education by the clinical staff.

**Outcome Measures**

Both groups undergo a pre-test before the intervention begins and a post-test exactly 4 weeks later. The trial evaluates the following parameters to compare the clinical effectiveness of the two approaches:

• Pain records.
• Joint angle measurements.
• Grip strength tests.
• Upper limb function (assessed via the DASH questionnaire).
• Quality of life (assessed via the SF-36 scale).

**Safety and Monitoring** Safety is monitored both in the clinical setting and remotely. For the home exercise component, the assigned movements are low-intensity, and patients are thoroughly trained on the equipment in the hospital prior to taking it home. The medical team actively monitors for adverse events through phone follow-ups and data tracking. Home exercises are suspended or adjusted if a patient experiences significant pain (VAS > 5), extreme exertion (RPE > 9), or is consistently unable to complete more than 40% of the daily exercise program.

Inclusion criteria

• The patient must have a formal clinical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder).

Exclusion criteria

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