The Effect of White Tea in Healthy Human Subjects

Comparing the antioxidant activity values of enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in pre and post white tea treatment (day 0 and day 15). The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes signifies an enhancement in the body's capability to combat free radicals. The analysis will be conducted using a reagent kit to obtain the antioxidant enzyme activity values in the respondents' serum. All antioxidant enzyme parameter values are expressed in U/mL.

The effect of the product on liver function will be analysed based on SGOT and SGPT values. A drastic increase compared to the pre-intervention level indicates potential toxicity. Both parameters will be expressed in units of ukat/L.

A drastic decrease in eGFR indicates the potential toxicity of white tea beverages. eGFR results of respondents will be expressed in mL/min/1.73m2

The effect of product administration on lipid profile was assessed by measuring total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) parameters. Product effectiveness was determined based on the stability or decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL values, as well as an increase in HDL values post-treatment compared to pre-treatment values. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) will be expressed in mmol/L

Fasting blood glucose will be expressed in mmol/L

An elevated serum creatinine level is an indication of potential toxicity associated with white tea consumption. Serum creatinine level will be expressed in umol/L

An elevated blood urea nitrogen level is an indication of potential toxicity associated with white tea consumption. The parameter will be written in units of mmol/L

The body weight of respondents will be measured on day 0 and day 15 after administration of white tea treatment. Body weight values before and after treatment will be analysed. Body weight values will be recorded in kilograms (kg)

Height measurements will be taken on days 0 and 15. Measurements will be taken to calculate BMI values for further analysis. Height values will be recorded in centimetres (cm).

Body mass index measurements will be taken using weight and height data. The BMI result is recorded in kg/m^2, then the analysis will be classified into the categories of underweight (BMI range <18.5 kg/m^2) healthy (BMI range 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m^2), overweight (BMI range 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m^2) and obese (BMI range > 29.9 kg/m^2).

Waist circumference measurements were taken on days 0 and 15 using a measuring tape and expressed in centimetres (cm). The results before and after treatment will be analysed.

Both systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure will be measured.

Signs and symptoms of adverse event related to study product including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, burning sensation in the stomach, excessive fatigue, constipation, and excessive urination will be assessed daily for 14 days since the first administration of white tea beverages.

Red blood cell (RBC) parameters are one of the parameters used to assess whether white tea beverages have the potential to cause anaemia. Tests were conducted on days 0 and 15, the difference in RBC values was analysed, and RBC values were expressed in 10^6/uL.

Haemoglobin parameters are one of the parameters used to assess whether white tea beverages have the potential to cause anaemia. Tests were conducted on days 0 and 15, the difference in haemoglobin values was analysed, and haemoglobin values were expressed in grams/decilitre (g/dL)

Haematocrit parameters are one of the parameters used to assess whether white tea beverages have the potential to cause anaemia. Tests were conducted on days 0 and 15, the difference in haematocrit values was analysed, and haematocrit values were expressed in percentage (%).

Mean Corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) parameters are one of the parameters used to assess whether white tea beverages have the potential to cause anaemia. Tests were conducted on days 0 and 15, the difference in MCH values was analysed, and MCH values were expressed in picograms (pg).

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) parameters are one of the parameters used to assess whether white tea beverages have the potential to cause anaemia. Tests were conducted on days 0 and 15, the difference in MCV values was analysed, and MCV values were expressed in femtoliters (fL).

The daily report of respondents incorporates information regarding their daily activities and the consumption of food and beverages during the 28-day research period. Respondents will be asked to submit this data every day via personal chat (WhatsApp).