The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation on Breast Milk Volume and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Preterm Infants

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a virtual reality (VR) relaxation intervention on breast milk production and breastfeeding confidence in mothers of premature infants.

Methodology:

• The study followed a randomized controlled design with two parallel groups.
• A total of 44 mothers whose infants were hospitalized in a Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were enrolled.
• Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.

Intervention and Procedures:

• Intervention Group: Participants used a VR headset to watch a 10-minute video featuring nature landscapes accompanied by classical music. Following the video, the researcher performed manual milk expression for at least 20 minutes.
• Control Group: Participants sat in the same breastfeeding room but did not use the VR headset. They received the same manual milk expression procedure by the same researcher.
• The procedure was conducted once daily for three consecutive days for both groups.
• To maintain stability in milk fat content, all sessions took place between 12:00 and 14:00.

Data Collection:

• Daily milk volume was measured in milliliters using sterile containers or injectors.
• Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed at the end of the third day using the "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale for Mothers of Preterm Infants".
• Demographic information was collected at the beginning of the study using a personal information form.

Inclusion criteria

• Mothers who have given birth to a single infant between 32 and 35 weeks of gestation.
• Mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
• Mothers who have delivered via Cesarean section.
• First-time mothers (Primiparous).
• Mothers who are willing to provide breast milk and participate in the study.
• Mothers whose infants are not yet able to breastfeed directly and require milk expression.

Exclusion criteria

• Mothers with any systemic or psychiatric diseases.
• Mothers with obstetric complications.
• Mothers who have a history of using addictive substances.
• Mothers who use medications or herbal products to increase breast milk (galactagogues).
• Mothers with hearing or vision impairments that would prevent the use of a VR headset.
• Mothers whose infants have congenital anomalies.