The Effect of Psychoeducation on Hopelessness, Death Anxiety and Caregiver Burden

Primary outcomes

1. Metting-Encounter

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   caregiver is informed about topics included in psychoeducation program and discussed in weekly.

   • Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) was used to determine the hopelessness. The items are answered as "Yes-No". Total score is between 0-20. As the score of the scale increases; interpreted as an increase in hopelessness in individuals.
   • Templer Death Anxiety (TDA)Scale was used to determine the death anxiety. The total score that can be obtained from the scale is between 0-15, and values of seven and above are interpreted as high death anxiety. The items are answered as "True-False".
   • The Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)was used to determine care burden. The items in the scale are answered as "Yes-No". The total score of the scale is between 0-13,the average score of the scale is seven and above; interpreted as the burden of care in individuals.

   After psychoeducation,our aims are decreasing levels of

   • For hopelessness, BHS used
   • death anxiety, TDA used
   • care burden, CSI used

2. Understanding palliative care

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Explaining the meaning of palliative care with the patient's relatives, discussing the common symptoms in patients.

   data from the qualitative stage; It was obtained by using structured interview forms of the relatives of the patients in the experimental group during psychoeducation program based on. In the 2nd, 3rd, 5th,7th sessions of psychoeducation, six questions were asked about the hopelessness, death anxiety and care burden. In this session, "What is the meaning of giving care to the relatives of the patients in the structured interview form-1? How did the caregiving process affect you?" A qualitative interview was conducted by asking the question.

3. Caregiving Process

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Meeting with the caregiver about the difficulties and gains of the caregiving process In this session, "Can you share your experiences about the difficulties of the caregiving process? Can you tell about your experiences that made you feel good during the caregiving process?" A qualitative interview was conducted by asking the question.

4. Hope- Sources of Hope

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Interviewing the caregiver about the importance of hope in life

5. Developing Hope

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Meeting with the patient's relatives about what can be done to improve hope. In this session, "Can you share your experiences about the concept of hope in the care process?", "You are here with your patient right now, you are helping him, what are your expectations for the next days?" A qualitative interview was conducted by asking the question.

6. Death- Death anxiety

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Interviewing the concept of death with the patient's relatives, providing information on what can be done to cope with death anxiety while caring for a patient with a terminal diagnosis.

7. Meaning of Life

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.

   Interviewing with the caregiver about the meaning of life. In this session, "Can you share with me your end-of-life experiences in the caregiving process according to your culture and belief?" A qualitative interview was conducted by asking the question.

8. Last session

   Time frame: It will be applied once a week for 45-60 minutes for up to 8 weeks.Data collection forms (Descriptive Characteristics Form, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Templer Death Anxiety Scale and Caregiver Strain Index) applied again for post test to all caregivers.

   post test Beck Hopelessness Scale was used to determine the hopelessness levels of caregivers after psychoeducation. The scale has 20 items and these items are answered as "Yes-No". The total score is between 0-20. As the score of the scale increases; interpreted as an increase in hopelessness in individuals.

   Templer Death Anxiety Scale was used to determine the death anxiety of caregivers after psychoeducation The total score that can be obtained from the scale is between 0-15, and values of seven and above are interpreted as high death anxiety. The items in the scale are answered as "True-False".

   The Caregiver Strain Index was used to determine caregivers' burden of care after psychoeducation. items in the scale are answered as "Yes-No". The scale has no sub-dimensions. The scale's total score is between 0-13, and if the average score of the scale is seven and above; interpreted as the burden of care in individuals.