The Effect of Preoperative Counseling on Patient Fear From Visual Experience During Vitrectomy Surgery Under Regional Anesthesia

This was a single-blinded, randomised clinical trial conducted at University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital. Patients aged 18-75 years scheduled for vitrectomy under regional anaesthesia were included. Patients who could not understand English, who had psychiatric illness or mental retardation, or who refused to give consent were excluded.

After obtaining informed consent, patients were randomised to two groups: Group A received additional preoperative counseling while Group B did not receive any additional counseling. Both groups received routine preoperative counseling regarding potential risks and benefits of vitrectomy by an ophthalmologist one day prior to the operation.

The information covered during counselling and the method of delivery were standardised for all patients. An ophthalmologist reviewed the patient one day prior to the operation and patients who were randomised to additional counselling were counselled regarding the possible visual perceptions that they might encounter during surgery. These included lights, colours, movements, flashes, instruments and surgeon's hands or face. Twenty four hours after the surgery, another ophthalmologist blinded to the patient randomisation interviewed the patients on their visual perceptions during surgery using a standard questionnaire. Patients were interviewed regarding the types of visual sensations they perceived and if they caused fear to them. Patients were asked to grade their fear based on a visual analogue scale. The fear was graded from 0 to 10, with a score of 0 meaning no fear and a score of 10 being the maximum or extreme fear. At the end of the questionnaire the interviewer was allowed to ask the patient if he or she has received preoperative counselling and if they prefer to be or not to be counselled. Patients were asked to describe in details the images and objects that they saw during the operation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged 18-75 years scheduled for vitrectomy under regional anaesthesia were included

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who could not understand English, who had psychiatric illness or mental retardation, or who refused to give consent were excluded.