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Completed

NCT Number: NCT05956262

The Effect of Portable AR on Tooth Brushing Skill for Elementary School Students

The aim of this study An augmented reality (AR) simulation toothbrushing machine was developed to train proper brushing technique for children. The investigators aimed to evaluate the effects of AR brushing machine on knowledge of dental clearing skill, self-efficacy and dental plaque control in elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Dental Deposits Dental Plaque Stomatognathic Diseases Tooth Diseases

Age range

9 year–12 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital

Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan

About this study

A quasi-experimental design was conducted; ten intervention schools (AR group) and ten comparison schools were selected from elementary schools. Overall, grade 3-6 students in the AR group (n = 290) and the traditional group (n = 311), respectively. Students in the AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. Students in the CG received traditional classroom-based teaching. Baseline and follow-ups information was collected using dental plaque examinations and questionnaires. The generalized estimating equations(GEE) were used to evaluate the outcomes between two groups over time.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Primary school students 3 to 6 grades

Exclusion criteria

  • Schoolchildren with disability certification.
  • Schoolchildren with congenital severe oral diseases (eg. cleft lip and palate )
  • Disability to operate the AR system

Treatment and study plan

AR-toothbrush machine

Device

Student in AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. The AR-based training system (PVIX Oral, EPED) digitized the steps of the toothbrushing technique applying optical tracking technology to enable the participants to obtain immediate scoring after the completion of practice. The scoring depends on the level of removing simulated dental plaque. The AR system was equipped with an optical tracking unit, a 3D training head model, and a wireless toothbrush. The toothbrushing practice time for the upper and lower jaw is 3 minutes, respectively. A tooth-brushing song played while the students implemented.

Teach proper brushing skills

Behavioral

Students in the traditional group received a two-time repeated 10-minute lesson regarding proper toothbrushing skills in the classroom at two-week intervals. The students were taught by a well-trained dental hygienist using teaching aids (such as dental models, and toothbrushes).

Primary outcomes

  1. Plaque Control Record (PCR)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention

    Each tooth is divided into six surfaces, and the PCR record is calculated ( range 0-100% )

  2. Plaque Control Record (PCR)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention

    Each tooth is divided into six surfaces, and the PCR record is calculated ( range 0-100% )

  3. Self-efficacy

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention

    2 questions , e.g: I feel confident.Response 1 = strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Normal 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree

  4. Self-efficacy

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention

    2 questions , e.g: I feel confident.Response 1 = strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Normal 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree

  5. Skill of Toothbrushing

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention

    5 questions , e.g: The toothbrush is pressed against the gums at a 45-degree angle.Response multiple choice

  6. Skill of Toothbrushing

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention

    5 questions , e.g: The toothbrush is pressed against the gums at a 45-degree angle.Response multiple choice

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital

Other

Collaborators

  • National Sun Yat-sen University

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2021
Primary completion
2022
Study completion
2022
First posted
Jul 21, 2023
Registry last updated
Jul 21, 2023

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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