The Effect of Pharmacotherapy With GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Analogs on Changes in Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters of the Diet as Well as Metabolic and Behavioral Parameters in Patients With Excess Body Weight

percentage change in body weight from baseline to the end of follow-up

Change in lean body mass measured using the Tanita MC-980MA Plus segmental body composition analyzer. Reported in kilograms (kg).

Change in total fat mass measured using the Tanita MC-980MA Plus segmental body composition analyzer (bioelectrical impedance analysis). Reported in kilograms (kg).

Change in percent body fat measured using the Tanita MC-980MA Plus segmental body composition analyzer. Reported as percent of total body mass (%).

Change in hemoglobin A1c measured in venous blood using standard laboratory HPLC assay. Reported as percent (%).

Change in fasting plasma glucose measured using enzymatic laboratory assay. Reported in mmol/L (or mg/dL).

Change in fasting insulin measured using immunoassay (e.g., ELISA/chemiluminescence). Reported in μU/mL.

Change in insulin resistance calculated using HOMA-IR (fasting insulin × fasting glucose / 22.5).

Change in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides measured using standard serum laboratory assays. Reported in mmol/L (or mg/dL).

Change in ALT, AST (U/L) and serum creatinine (µmol/L) measured using standard laboratory methods.

Change in average daily energy intake assessed from 3-day food records (2 weekdays + 1 weekend day), analyzed using a 3-day food diary

Number and percentage of participants with changes in diabetes pharmacotherapy (dose modification, medication initiation/discontinuation, or class switch).

Number and percentage of participants with changes in antihypertensive therapy (dose adjustment, medication initiation/discontinuation, or class switch).

Change in daily carbohydrate intake assessed using a 3-day weighed food record and analyzed with validated dietary software. Reported in grams/day and as percent of total energy intake.

Change in total fat intake assessed using a 3-day weighed food record. Reported in grams/day and percent of total energy intake.

Change in protein intake assessed using a 3-day weighed food record. Reported in grams/day and grams per kilogram of body weight.

Change in diet quality assessed using the validated KomPAN questionnaire (modified for 3-month frequency assessment). Reported as the KomPAN dietary index score, according to validated scoring rules.

Change in the frequency of consumption of selected food groups assessed using the validated KomPAN food frequency questionnaire. Includes changes in consumption of: vegetables, fruit, whole grains, sweets, high-fat foods, meat products, sweetened beverages, and others defined in KomPAN. Reported as frequency categories or converted frequency units.

Change in emotional eating assessed with the validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). Scale range 0-100 (converted), higher scores indicate stronger emotional eating tendencies.

Change in uncontrolled eating assessed using TFEQ-R18. Higher scores indicate greater susceptibility to uncontrolled eating.

Change in cognitive restraint (intentional food restriction) assessed using TFEQ-R18. Higher scores indicate higher restraint.

Change in subjective hunger measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm) within the validated questionnaire set. Higher scores indicate greater hunger

Change in subjective satiety measured using VAS (0-100 mm). Higher scores indicate greater satiety.

Change in desire to consume sweet foods measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm) as part of the custom taste preference questionnaire.

Change in desire to consume high-fat foods measured using VAS (0-100 mm).

Change in desire to consume salty foods measured using VAS (0-100 mm).

Change in desire to consume meat-based foods measured using VAS (0-100 mm).

Change in desire to consume fresh or fruit-based foods assessed using VAS (0-100 mm).

Change in risk of insufficient intake of key nutrients (vitamin D, B12, folate, iron, protein) assessed indirectly through 3-day weighed food records and KomPAN questionnaire data. Reported as intake relative to recommended dietary allowances.

Change in number of daily eating occasions based on the 3-day food record. Reported as meals/day.

Change in average daily number of steps recorded from the participant's smartphone health application. Step count is extracted from the app's built-in accelerometer-based activity tracking. Reported as steps per day.

Change in maximal handgrip strength measured using a calibrated handheld dynamometer. Strength is assessed in the dominant hand, with three attempts per measurement, and the highest value recorded. Reported in kilograms (kg).