The Effect of Periodontal Health on Smile

Keratinized gingival thickness refers to the vertical measurement of the gingival tissue that extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction, characterized by a keratinized epithelial layer which provides enhanced protection and stability to the underlying periodontal structures.

Keratinized gingival width refers to the horizontal dimension of the gingival tissue that is keratinized, measured from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.

The gingival displays were measured by measuring the distances from the zenith points to the vermilion border

. The aforementioned factors were assigned a number (0 or 1) depending on their presence or absence, and the total of the assigned numbers indicates the subject's SEI (which ranges from 0 for very poor to 10 for very good)

Smile style (Commissura smile, sharp smile, and complex smile), stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV), and type (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4) were analyzed with the smile classification system

The visible end of the periodontal probe in the sulcus represents a thin gingival phenotype, while the invisible end corresponds to a thick gingival phenotype

The plaque index assesses the amount of dental plaque visible on the vestibular and lingual surfaces of all teeth

This measurement is based on the presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing

Bleeding, leading sign of inflammation inside the connective tissue, is a critical factor for pocket depth measurements, and with other variable factors prevents making reproducible measurements.

A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus around a tooth at the gingival margin.

CAL is calculated by subtracting the gingival margin level from the probing depth.

Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin away from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), resulting in the exposure of the root surface of a tooth.