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NCT Number: NCT06221436

The Effect of Olfactory Mental Imagery and Cardiovascular Surgery

This study aims to examine the effect of olfactory mental imagery on physiological parameters, anxiety and symptoms after cardiovascular surgery.

This study was planned to be conducted as a prospective randomized controlled study in the Cardiovascular Surgery service of Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital. The universe of the research; It will consist of patients who are hospitalized in the cardiovascular surgery service and who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. The sample will consist of a total of 90 patients hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Surgery service of the same hospital and meeting the inclusion criteria for the study.

Patient Diagnosis Form, Physiological Parameters Monitoring Form, State Anxiety Inventory and Cardiac Surgery Symptom Inventory will be used to collect data. Data will be collected on days 1, 2, 3 and 4 after surgery. In the study, patients will be divided into two groups: intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 45). The intervention group will perform breathing exercises with the olfactory mental imagery technique.

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Key information

Conditions

Anxiety State Anxiety Disorders Mental Disorders Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Symptoms and Signs Vital Signs

Age range

18 year–80 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Hilal KARTAL

Istanbul, Beylikdüzü, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Elective surgery is planned,
  • There is no smell problem,
  • No loss of visual and auditory functions,
  • No previous hospital history,
  • No serious head trauma or nasal injury,
  • No known psychiatric disease or history of anxiolytic drug use,
  • Olfactory, capable of mental imagery

Exclusion criteria

  • Presence of decreased level of consciousness,
  • Having drainage over 200 ml per hour,
  • Ejection fraction less than 30 percent,
  • People with lung disease such as atelectasis and pneumonia,
  • Systolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg,
  • Patients whose pain control cannot be achieved

Treatment and study plan

Mental Imagery

Behavioral

Olfactory mental imagery is the ability to detect an odor in the absence of any odor stimulus.

Participants will be asked to choose their 4 favorite fragrances from 20 different scents (such as rose, lavender scent) determined by the researcher and proven to have positive effects on mind-body therapy. The determined odors will be visualized by the researcher and picture cards measuring 15X12 cm (for example, a card with a rose picture for the rose smell, etc.) will be created. Participants will visualize the smell by looking at the picture cards, so they will be expected to make their breathing exercises more effective. Vagus breathing technique will be combined with olfactory mental imagery.

Primary outcomes

  1. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; body temperature value will be evaluated.

  2. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; respiratory rate will be evaluated.

  3. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; pulse value will be evaluated

  4. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; blood pressure value will be evaluated.

  5. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; oxygen saturation value will be evaluated.

  6. Vital Signs Observation Form

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    In this form; cerebral oxygen saturation value will be evaluated.

  7. State Anxiety Inventory

    Time frame: First 4 days after surgery

    State Anxiety Inventory measures how the individual expresses himself in a momentary situation. The inventory consists of 20 items in total. In this inventory, each item is on a four-point Likert-type scale consisting of '(1) not at all', '(2) a little', '(3) a lot', '(4) completely' and 1. The total score obtained from the inventory varies between 20-80. High scores from the inventory indicate high anxiety.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Cardiac Surgery Symptom Inventory

    Time frame: Seven days after discharge

    The inventory consists of 5 subscales: general, cardiac, trunk, lower and upper extremity symptoms. The inventory is in Likert type and is evaluated between 0-4 as "Not at all", "Very little", "Moderate", "A lot", "Quite a lot". The score range to be taken from the inventory varies between 0-140. As scores increase, symptom severity also increases.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Olfactory Mental Imagery on Physiological Parameters, Anxiety, and Symptoms After Cardiovascular Surgery

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jan 24, 2024
Registry last updated
Apr 29, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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