The Effect of Music Therapy on Pain and Anxiety

Personal Data Form The form, which was prepared by the researchers by scanning the literature, consists of questions questioning the patients' age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, the post-operative day, whether they had previous intensive care experience, whether they had a psychiatric diagnosis, and the Glasgow Coma Scale score.

Pain Visual Analog Scale Pain-VAS, the validity and reliability of which was tested by Price, McGrath, Rafii, and Buckingham58, is a measurement tool that measures both pain intensity and pain relief, which is easy, effective, repetitive and requires minimal tools. It is a one-dimensional scale whose validity and reliability studies have been carried out in Turkey and which is used to measure subjective components of pain intensity. The VAS is a 10 cm long ruler drawn horizontally or vertically, starting with "No pain" and ending with "Unbearable pain".

Anxiety Visual Analog Scale Although the use of the visual analogue scale dates back to the early 20th century, its worldwide use became widespread in 1969 with the research of Zealley and Aitken.60 The VAS typically consists of a 10-centimeter closed-end line. At either end of this line are words describing the two extremes of the emotion to be measured (for example, Zero-Maximum). Patients are asked to mark where their current feeling is anywhere on the scale, and the distance from the minimum (zero) end gives the patient's score.

Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale RASS was developed in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team at the University of Virginia as a result of studies at Richmond Virginia Commonwealth University. 61 Turkish Validity and Reliability Study was conducted by Sılay and Akyol62. RASS is a 10-stage scoring system in which patients are evaluated by making eye contact apart from verbal stimuli. Although there are many scales used to evaluate patients in intensive care units with adult patients, the RASS has a very good rating compared to these scales. RASS scale is evaluated between -5 level and +4 level. As it decreases to -5 level, the patient's sedation increases, and as it rises to +4 level, his agitation increases. Our most ideal level is 0.

Research data will be collected by the researcher using face-to-face interview technique.

Inclusion criteria

• Accepting to participate in the study voluntarily,
• Being open to communication,
• be over 18 years old,
• Application of coronary angiography for the first time,
• Having a score of 0 or higher according to the Ramsay Sedation Scale,
• Being on the first day of intensive care treatment,
• This is the first time he is being treated in the intensive care unit.

Exclusion criteria

• By-pass decision after coronary angiography,
• Transferring the patient to the ward after coronary angiography,
• Having additional psychiatric disorders,
• Being hospitalized in intensive care before,
• It is the presence of delirium in the patient.