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Completed

NCT Number: NCT04454632

The Effect of Mirror Therapy in Patients With Frozen Shoulder

The aim of this study compares mirror therapy and visual feedback treatment with the control group in frozen shoulder patients.

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Key information

Conditions

Pain Agnosia Arthralgia Bursitis Frozen Shoulder Joint Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Nervous System Diseases Neurobehavioral Manifestations Neurologic Manifestations Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Perceptual Disorders Shoulder Pain Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–75 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital

Istanbul, Kartal, 34865, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Thirty-six individuals divided three groups as mirror therapy, visual feedback, and control groups were included in the study for 15 sessions of treatment. All individuals received basic treatment as ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, cold pack, stretching exercises, glenohumeral range of motion exercises, scapulothoracic exercises. The mirror group bilateral exercised with an affected arm behind the mirror; visual feedback group bilateral exercised by seeing both arms in the mirror; control group bilateral exercised without a mirror for 10 minutes after every session. Pain severity was evaluated with the "Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)", ROM and proprioception were measured with a universal goniometer, and functional status was evaluated with "shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI)" and "Modified Constant Score". Evaluations were made before, day after the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment by the same researcher. Data analysis was performed with SPSS.23.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Individuals who were diagnosed with "Unilateral Frozen Shoulder" by the specialist;
  • Normal radiological imaging;
  • Aged between 18-75 years old;
  • Symptoms persist for 2-12 months.

Exclusion criteria

  • If patients had following comorbidities: rotator cuff injury, cervical radiculopathy, romatological diseases, neurological diseases, fracture, tumour, congenital deformities, dislocation or sublocation, surgery in the shoulder, uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus;
  • Pregnancy;
  • Patients who had previously received physical therapy;
  • Patients having problems in the perception of tests and exercises were excluded from this study

Treatment and study plan

Mirror Therapy

Other

affected arm stay behind the mirror while exercising

Visual feedback

Other

visual feedback from mirror

Primary outcomes

  1. Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks

    Pain intensity was obtained using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). VAS is usually a horizontal line, 10 cm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end with "No Pain" (score of zero) on the left side up to "severe pain" on the right side. The patient was asked to mark the line point that represented his or her worst pain in the past week during daily rutine.

  2. Range of Motion (ROM)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks

    Range of motion is the measurement of the amount of movement around a joint as a flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation (degree). Measurement performed with universal goniometer.

  3. Proprioception

    Time frame: Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks

    Proprioception is the sense of self-movement and body position. A joint position error test (JPET) was used for proprioception measurement. JPET is a deviation of the ability to reposition the joint to the target position which fifty percent of active flexion ROM.

  4. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks

    The shoulder pain and disability index is a self-administered questionnaire that consists of two dimensions, one for pain and the other one for functional activities on the shoulder. The total score is defining as a percent. 0 for best score 100 for worst score.

  5. Modified Constant-Murley Score (CMS)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks

    The modified Constant-Murley score is a questionnaire for shoulder injuries that consists of four dimensions, pain, activities of daily living, range of movement, and power. Pain and activities of daily living are considered subjective scores therefore the range of movement and power considered objective score. 100 for best score 0 for worst score.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Marmara University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Examination of the Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy in the Treatment of Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Important dates

Study start
2018
Primary completion
2019
Study completion
2019
First posted
Jul 1, 2020
Registry last updated
Jun 10, 2021

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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