The Effect of Mandala on Coping With Fatigue, Psychological Well-Being and Stress in Patients Treated With Hemodialysis

Primary outcomes

1. The fatigue severity scale

   Time frame: 1. week

   The fatigue severity scale is a measurement of fatigue impact on functioning. It is a short, nine-item self-report questionnaire. Its application is very simple and quick.. Read each statement and circle a number from 1 to 7, based on how accurately it reflects your condition. A total score of less than 36 suggests that you may not be suffering from fatigue. A total score of 36 or more suggests that you may need further evaluation by a physician.

2. The fatigue severity scale

   Time frame: 4. week

   The fatigue severity scale is a measurement of fatigue impact on functioning. It is a short, nine-item self-report questionnaire. Its application is very simple and quick.. Read each statement and circle a number from 1 to 7, based on how accurately it reflects your condition. A total score of less than 36 suggests that you may not be suffering from fatigue. A total score of 36 or more suggests that you may need further evaluation by a physician.

3. The fatigue severity scale

   Time frame: 8. week

   The fatigue severity scale is a measurement of fatigue impact on functioning. It is a short, nine-item self-report questionnaire. Its application is very simple and quick.. Read each statement and circle a number from 1 to 7, based on how accurately it reflects your condition. A total score of less than 36 suggests that you may not be suffering from fatigue. A total score of 36 or more suggests that you may need further evaluation by a physician.

4. The psychological well-being scale

   Time frame: 1. week

   The eight-item Psychological Well-Being Scale identifies important elements of human function, from positive relationships to feelings of efficacy to having a meaningful and purposeful life.This is an 8-item selfreported, 7-point Likert-type measurement scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree). Higher scores indicated a higher level of psychological well-being.

5. The psychological well-being scale

   Time frame: 4. week

   The eight-item Psychological Well-Being Scale identifies important elements of human function, from positive relationships to feelings of efficacy to having a meaningful and purposeful life.This is an 8-item selfreported, 7-point Likert-type measurement scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree). Higher scores indicated a higher level of psychological well-being.

6. The psychological well-being scale

   Time frame: 8. week

   The eight-item Psychological Well-Being Scale identifies important elements of human function, from positive relationships to feelings of efficacy to having a meaningful and purposeful life.This is an 8-item selfreported, 7-point Likert-type measurement scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree). Higher scores indicated a higher level of psychological well-being.

7. The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI)

   Time frame: 1. week

   The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) was developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1980) in order to determine the ways by which individuals cope with general or specific stress situations. The scale is a 30-item likert type scale. The answers to the items of the scale are given in four stages, moving from "does not apply or not used" (0) to "used a great deal" Higher scores in "Self-confident", "Optimistic" and "Seeking of social support" (Approach based coping) mean better coping, and higher scores in "Submissive" and "Helpless styles" (Avoidance based coping) mean worse coping.

8. The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI)

   Time frame: 4. week

   The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) was developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1980) in order to determine the ways by which individuals cope with general or specific stress situations. The scale is a 30-item likert type scale. The answers to the items of the scale are given in four stages, moving from "does not apply or not used" (0) to "used a great deal" Higher scores in "Self-confident", "Optimistic" and "Seeking of social support" (Approach based coping) mean better coping, and higher scores in "Submissive" and "Helpless styles" (Avoidance based coping) mean worse coping.

9. The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI)

   Time frame: 8. week

   The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) was developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1980) in order to determine the ways by which individuals cope with general or specific stress situations. The scale is a 30-item likert type scale. The answers to the items of the scale are given in four stages, moving from "does not apply or not used" (0) to "used a great deal" Higher scores in "Self-confident", "Optimistic" and "Seeking of social support" (Approach based coping) mean better coping, and higher scores in "Submissive" and "Helpless styles" (Avoidance based coping) mean worse coping.