The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on the Perception of Labor Pain in Nulliparous Pregnant Women

Primary outcomes

1. Vizüel Analog Skala (VAS)

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to birth

   The most common VAS consists of a 10 cm horizontal or vertical line with two ends labeled "no pain" and "worst possible pain" (or similar verbal descriptors). Patients are asked to place a mark on a point on a 10 cm line that corresponds to the level of pain intensity they feel. The distance in centimeters from the lower end of the VAS to the mark placed by the patient is used as the numerical value of pain intensity.

2. Pregnant Introduction Form

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to the 2nd hour after birth

   By scanning the literature, there are a total of 39 questions: 10 questions covering the sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant woman, 17 questions covering her medical and obstetric characteristics, and 12 questions covering her knowledge and thoughts about birth.

3. Labor Follow-up Form

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to the 2nd hour after birth

   In the labor follow-up form; week of gestation, date and time when labor pains started, medications and applications administered in the first stage of labor, table of evaluations before and after reflexology massage application (cervical dilatation and effacement, head level and condition of membranes, intensity and frequency of contractions, fetal heart rate ( FKA), the mother's vital signs and behaviors during labor), the start time of the 2nd stage, the end time, the total duration of labor, questions regarding the first evaluation of the newborn (baby's gender, head circumference, weight, height, APGAR score and health status, initiation of the first breastfeeding and the mother's breastfeeding status).

4. Birth Comfort Scale

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to the 2nd hour after birth

   It consists of questions about pregnant women's opinions about their birth comfort during VM. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.75. 24 The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of this study was found to be 0.72. The scale consists of 9 questions and is in the 5-point Likert type (1 = Totally disagree, 2 = Mostly disagree, 3 = Partially agree, 4 = Mostly agree, 5 = Completely agree). It is expected that the items will be answered considering the comfort in the delivery room. Each expression communicates a specific feeling of comfort (relaxation, relief, or superiority) and dimensions (physical, environmental, psychospiritual, or social). A minimum of 9 and a maximum of 45 points are obtained from the scale. It is stated that as the

5. Postpartum Evaluation Form

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to the 2nd hour after birth

   Postpartum evaluation form; It was prepared to evaluate the birth process for participants in the DSO group and control group. It is administered at the 2nd hour after birth and includes questions about the pregnant woman's thoughts about this birth, her thoughts about labor pain, how they feel after birth, and their satisfaction with the practices performed during labor.

6. Birth Satisfaction Scale Short Form

   Time frame: from the 1st stage of labor to the 2nd hour after birth

   The Short Form of the Childbirth Satisfaction Scale is a 10-question, 5-point Likert-type scale, consisting of 3 sub-dimensions: "quality of care", "stress during labor" and "personal characteristics of the woman". The "quality of care services" sub-dimension is measured with items 3, 5, 6 and 10, the "stress during labor" sub-dimension with items 1, 2, 7 and 9, and the "personal characteristics of the woman" sub-dimension with items 4 and 8. It is scored as "strongly disagree" (0 points), "disagree" (1 point), "undecided" (2 points), "agree" (3 points), and "strongly agree" (4 points). Scores range from 0 to 40 on the scale, and as the score increases, the satisfaction level increases; low satisfaction <13 points, medium satisfaction 14-27 points, and high satisfaction ≥28 points. 6 items in the scale are positive, 4 items are negative, and 4 items (2nd, 4th, 7th, 8th) are scored in reverse. The Cronbach alpha level of the scale was found to be 0.682.