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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06948643

The Effect of Exergames on Sleep Quality

University students are at risk of developing insufficient sleep and poor lifestyle behaviors. Sleep-related problems are frequently seen in nursing students. Regular exercise has a positive effect on sleep quality. In recent years, developing technological opportunities have led educators to seek different solutions in education, guidance, and counseling services aimed at protecting and improving the health of individuals. As the popularity of VR technology increases, it has a high potential to increase physical activity and improve sleep quality in university students. In the current literature, studies examining the level of physical activity and sleep quality of nursing students using VR virtual glasses are limited. This study aims to examine the effect of virtual reality exercise applications on nursing students' sleep quality and physical activity. This study was planned as a pre-test and post-test control group study. The study population comprises 60 students from the Department of Nursing and the Faculty of Health Sciences. Since the study population is accessible, no sample calculation will be made, and all students who volunteer to participate in the study and meet the inclusion criteria will be included. Randomization will divide students who meet the inclusion criteria into experimental and control groups. The aim of the study and the application will be explained to the students in the experimental group at the first meeting. They will be asked to sign written informed consent, and they will fill out data collection forms. Three sessions are planned for each student in the experimental group. Each session is planned to be held with an average interval of 96-120 hours (every 4-5 days). Data collection forms will be repeated for the students in the experimental group at the end of the third session. The aim of the study will be explained to the students in the control group at the first meeting. They will be asked to sign written informed consent, and they will fill out data collection forms. At the end of 14 days, actigraphs will be received from the control group, and post-tests will be applied. Descriptive statistics of the study data will be reported by giving numbers, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Student t-tests, ANOVA or Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis tests will be used to compare groups regarding the normal distribution of the data. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact chi-square test will be used to compare nominal or ordinal data groups.

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Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Bartın University

Bartın, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being a nursing program student,
  • Willingness to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

  • Having any cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or other physical conditions that could prevent participation in a 30-minute exercise session.
  • Being diagnosed with a sleep disorder
  • Using medications that effect sleep, the autonomic nervous system, or the cardiovascular system, such as hypnotics
  • Having any upper extremity injury or similar condition that would prevent the use of an actigraph device

Treatment and study plan

Play the Oculus Quest 2

Other

Every three to four days (roughly 72 to 96 18 19 hours), a session was held. Students were required to use the Oculus Quest 2 and touch controllers to play immersive exergames for thirty minutes during each session. In each session, they were asked to play the games Dance Central (https://www.dancecentral.com/ ) and CREED: Rise to Glory (which the researchers loaded into the Oculus Quest 2) via the Meta Quest Gaming platform (https://www.meta.com/tr-tr/experiences/creed-rise-to27 glory-championship-edition/2366245336750543/ ).

Primary outcomes

  1. sleep quality

    Time frame: Baseline and 8th day

    Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), developed by Buysse et al. and validated for reliability in Turkish, will be used to assess the usual sleep quality of the experimental and control groups to evaluate their homogeneity before the intervention (Ağargün et al., 1996). The PSQI evaluates seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of these seven components forms the total PSQI score. The total PSQI score ranges from 0 to 21, with lower scores indicating better sleep quality.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sleep efficiency

    Time frame: Baseline and 8th day

    Wrist actigraphy: Wrist actigraphy was used to assess the objective sleep, which is frequently used to assess each person's level of physical activity and sleep quality in adults. Each participant in the study wore an actigraph (GT3X-Plus three-axis model, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) on their non-dominant wrist. The device was adjusted to 1-minute epochs and 30 Hz in the current study. Activity counts were analyzed using ActiLife software (version 6.13.6) based on the sleep diary entries, and the Cole-Kripke algorithm was used to score sleep on actigraphy data in order to predict bedtime and waking time. The following metric was extracted from the actigraphy-based data: sleep efficiency (SE).

  2. Wake after sleep onset (WASO)

    Time frame: Baseline and 8th day

    Wrist actigraphy: Wrist actigraphy was used to assess the objective sleep, which is frequently used to assess each person's level of physical activity and sleep quality in adults. Each participant in the study wore an actigraph (GT3X-Plus three-axis model, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) on their non-dominant wrist. The device was adjusted to 1-minute epochs and 30 Hz in the current study. Activity counts were analyzed using ActiLife software (version 6.13.6) based on the sleep diary entries, and the Cole-Kripke algorithm was used to score sleep on actigraphy data in order to predict bedtime and waking time. The following metric was extracted from the actigraphy-based data: wake after sleep onset (WASO).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Bartın Unıversity

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Exergames on Sleep Quality in Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Acronym: EXSLEEPQUALITY

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Apr 29, 2025
Registry last updated
May 1, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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