The Effect of Exercise Intervention on the Community's Older Adults

Bone mineral density measurement is measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurements are made over the lumbar spine and over the upper part of the hip and the measurement is assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Extension and flexion of elbow were tested by the HUMAC NORM system (CSMi, Stoughton, MA) with the eccentric/concentric contraction mode at an angular velocity of 60 degrees/s.Isokinetic tests were performed five times for each participant, and each test was separated by a rest period of 3 min.The Muscle strength was present as a peak torque which was normalized to body weight (Unit:Nm/kg). The participants are assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Extension and flexion of shoulder were tested by the HUMAC NORM system (CSMi, Stoughton, MA) with the eccentric/concentric contraction mode at an angular velocity of 60 degrees/s.Isokinetic tests were performed five times for each participant, and each test was separated by a rest period of 3 min.The Muscle strength was present as a peak torque which was normalized to body weight (Unit:Nm/kg). The participants are assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Extension and flexion of hip were tested by the HUMAC NORM system (CSMi, Stoughton, MA) with the eccentric/concentric contraction mode at an angular velocity of 60 degrees/s.Isokinetic tests were performed five times for each participant, and each test was separated by a rest period of 3 min.The Muscle strength was present as a peak torque which was normalized to body weight (Unit:Nm/kg). The participants are assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Extension and flexion of knee were tested by the HUMAC NORM system (CSMi, Stoughton, MA) with the eccentric/concentric contraction mode at an angular velocity of 60 degrees/s.Isokinetic tests were performed five times for each participant, and each test was separated by a rest period of 3 min.The Muscle strength was present as a peak torque which was normalized to body weight (Unit:Nm/kg). The participants are assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability. Eight sections including physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation due to emotional problems, and mental health. Additionally, the eight health domains can be used to provide a physical component summary and mental component summary score. The outcome measurement is assessed at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

High-density lipoprotein are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Triglyceride are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Fasting blood glucose are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Diastolic and systolic blood pressure are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Weight (kg) are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Height (cm) are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.

Waistline (cm) are measured at Pre-intervention, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month-follow-up.