The Effect of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidosis

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is a health status instrument for the assessment of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents from 2 to 18 years of age. The PedsQL can be completed by children themselves or with their parents. The tool consists of a total of 23 questions that assess physical functioning (8 questions), emotional functioning (5 questions), social functioning (5 questions), and school functioning (5 questions). Possible maximum scores range between 0 and 100 and higher scores indicate better quality of life.

Functional independence of the subjects was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). It is a short and validated tool to determine impairment of developmental, educational and social functioning in children with cerebral palsy and other developmental disorders. The WeeFIM is an 18-item scale that measures the performance of the child in activities of daily living including bowel and bladder control, transfers, mobility, communication, eating, grooming, bathing, upper body dressing, lower body dressing, toileting and social cognition. Each item is assigned a score between 1 and 7 points. Higher total scores indicate greater level of independence.

Aerobic capacity was assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and timed up and go (TUG) test. For the 6MWT test, the subjects were asked to walk but not run for 6 minutes on a 30-meter corridor as fast as possible. Care was taken not to change the pace. At the end of the test, total distance covered was measured.

The TUG test is a practical test that allows quick assessment of dynamic balance, gait speed and mobility. During the test, the subjects were asked to stand up from a chair without holding on to the arms of the chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return to the chair without touching anything and sit down again. Total time was recorded in seconds.

The modified functional reach test was developed by Lynch et al. to evaluate dynamic balance of the trunk. It is a reliable and validated test to measure the distance an individual can reach forward without losing balance while sitting in a fixed position. For the test, the subjects were instructed to sit with the arm kept parallel to the wall and shoulder flexed to 90 degrees and measurement was taken from the distal end the third metacarpal.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to determine the depression level of caregivers. The BDI was developed for measure the risk of depression, the level of depressive symptoms and changes in the severity of depression in adults. Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the BDI were demonstrated by Hisli (1989). The BDI is a 21-item, self-rated scale and each item is scored between 1 and 3 points. Higher total scores indicate greater depression severity.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety level of caregivers. The BAI was developed for determine the frequency of anxiety symptoms experienced by individuals. It is a 21-item, Likert scale with scores ranging from 0 and 3 points. Higher overall scores denote greater level of anxiety. Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the BAI were demonstrated by Ulusoy et al. (1998).